Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40993402›Full record

ArticleNature human behaviour2026

Measuring the semantic priming effect across many languages.

Erin M Buchanan, Kelly Cuccolo, Tom Heyman, Niels van Berkel, Nicholas A Coles, Aishwarya Iyer, Kim Peters, A E van 't Veer, Maria Montefinese, Nicholas P Maxwell and 314 more

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Article in Nature human behaviour, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

324 authors.

Erin M BuchananAnalytics, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, USA. ebuchanan@harrisburgu.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9689-4189
Kelly CuccoloIndependent researcher, Alma, MI, USA.
Tom HeymanMethodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0565-441X
Niels van BerkelDepartment of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5106-7692
Nicholas A ColesCenter for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8583-5610
Aishwarya IyerDepartment of Psychology, Christ University, Bangalore, India.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-8830
Kim PetersUniversity of Exeter Business School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8091-8636
A E van 't VeerMethodology and Statistics Unit, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2733-1841
Maria MontefineseDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Nicholas P MaxwellPsychology, Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4517-8323
Jack E TaylorDepartment of Psychology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany.
Kathrene D ValentineGeneral Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6349-5395
Patrícia ArriagaDepartment of Psychology, CIS-Iscte, University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5766-0489
Krystian BarzykowskiInstitute of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4016-3966
Leanne BoucherDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7587-0869
W Matthew CollinsDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4711-5860
David C VaidisCLLE, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-2219
Balazs AczelInstitute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9364-4988
Ali H Al-HoorieRoyal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu, Jubail Industrial City, Saudi Arabia.
Ettore AmbrosiniDepartment of Neuroscience, Padova Neuroscience Center, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-5491
Théo BessonSocial Psychology Laboratory, Paris Cité University, Boulogne-Billancourt, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6508-823X
Debora I BurinFaculty of Psychology, University of Buenos Aires, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2515-719X
Muhammad Mussaffa ButtDepartment of Psychology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5271-111X
A J Benjamin ClarkeDepartment of Linguistics, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9135-1946
Yalda DaryaniDepartment of Psychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6463-9845
Dina Abdel Salam El-DakhsCollege of Humanities and Sciences, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2943-987X
Mahmoud M ElsherifDepartment of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0540-3998
Maria Fernández-LópezDepartment of Basic Psychology and ERI-Lectura, University of València, València, Spain.
Paulo Roberto Dos Santos FerreiraInstituto de Psicologia, Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6794-7192
Raquel Meister Ko FreitagDepartamento de Letras Vernáculas, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4972-4320
Carolina A GatteiSchool of Government, Torcuato Di Tella University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7490-3363
Hendrik GodbersenFOM University of Applied Sciences, Essen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6128-8816
Philip A GrimComputer and Information Sciences, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0543-7979
Peter HalamaCentre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6938-4845
Patrik HavanInstitute of Experimental Psychology, Centre of Social and Psychological Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
Natalia C IrrazabalDepartment of Psychology, University of Palermo, CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4940-516X
Chris IsloiUnaffiliated researcher, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5295-287X
Rebecca Kvisler IversenDepartment of Philosophy, Classics, History of Art and Ideas (IFIKK), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
Yoann JulliardLIP/PC2S, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5428-6994
Aslan KaraaslanDepartment of Psychology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3325-4122
Michal KohútDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4544-1331
Veronika KohútováFaculty of Philosophy and Arts, University of Trnava, Trnava, Slovakia.
Julija KosDepartment of Comparative and General Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Alexandra I KosachenkoDepartment of Psychology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation.
Tiago Jessé Souza de LimaDepartment of Social and Work Psychology, Social and Affective Neuroscience Institute, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-4285
Matthew H C MakDepartment of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7237-4931
Christina ManouilidouDepartment of Comparative and General Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Leonardo A MarciagaDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-0189-9263
Xiaolin Melinna MelinnaSchool of Optometry, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China.
Jacob Francisco MirandaPsychology Department, California State University-East Bay, Hayward, CA, USA.
Coby MorvinskiDepartment of Management, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-7085
Aishwarya MuppoorDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
F Elif MüjdeciDepartment of Psychology, Bilkent University, Ankara, Turkey.
Yngwie A NielsenSchool of Communication and Culture, Interacting Minds Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5356-354X
Juan Carlos OliverosDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
Jaš OničDepartment of Comparative and General Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Marietta Papadatou-PastouDepartment of Primary Education, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2834-4003
Ishani PatelCollege of Psychology, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
Zoran PavlovićDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9231-5100
Blaž PažonDepartment of Comparative and General Linguistics, Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
Gerit PfuhlDepartment of Psychology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3271-6447
Ekaterina ProniziusDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1446-196X
Timo B RoettgerDepartment of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1400-2739
Camilo R RonderosCenter for Languages and Literature, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7779-406X
Susana Ruiz-FernandezDepartment of Psychology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1709-1506
Magdalena SendereckaCentre for Cognitive Science, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-5180
Çağlar SolakDepartment of Psychology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0421-8627
Anna StücklerDepartment of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Raluca D Szekely-CopîndeanDepartment of Social and Human Research, Romanian Academy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9076-5573
Analí R TabohCONICET, Institute of Interdisciplinary and Applied Physics (INFINA), University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6266-5348
Rémi ThériaultDepartment of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4315-6788
Ulrich S TranDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6589-3167
Fabio TreccaTrygFonden's Centre for Child Research, School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5900-7616
José Luis UlloaAssociative Research Program in Cognitive Sciences, Research Center in Cognitive Sciences, Faculty of Psychology, University of Talca, Talca, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7220-4350
Marton A VargaELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-3070
Steven VerheyenDepartment of Psychology, Education and Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6778-6744
Tijana Vesić PavlovićFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5786-975X
Giada VivianiDepartment of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padova, Padua, Italy.
Nan WangDepartment of Linguistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Kristyna ZivnaOlomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.
Chen Chu YunSchool of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.
Oliver James ClarkFaculty of Health and Education, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.
Oguz A AcarKing's Business School, King's College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-0921
Matúš AdamkovičInstitute of Social Sciences CSPS, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-9108
Giulia AgnolettiSchool of Government, Torcuato Di Tella University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Atakan M AkilInstitute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Zainab AlsuhaibaniCollege of Languages and Translation, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2154-9460
Simona AmentaDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
Olga A AnanyevaLaboratory for Psychology of Social Inequality, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Michael AndreychikDepartment of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Fairfield University, Fairfield, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8542-5504
Bernhard AngeleNebrija Research Center in Cognition (CINC), Antonio de Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain.
Danna Catalina Arias QuiñonesDepartment of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA.
Nwadiogo Chisom ArinzePsychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2531-6250
Adrian Dahl AskelundNic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2669-5472
Bradley J BakerDepartment of Sport, Tourism and Hospitality Management, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1697-4198
Ernest BaskinDepartment of Food, Pharma, and Healthcare, Saint Joseph's University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9484-2839
Luisa BatalhaSchool of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8052-4039
Carlota BatresDepartment of Psychology, Franklin and Marshall College, Lancaster, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3833-7667
Maria Soledad BeatoFaculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Manuel BeckerPsychological Assessment, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.
Maja BeckerCLLE, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1187-1699
Maciej BehnkeDepartment of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Cognitive Neuroscience Center, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2455-4556
Christophe BlaisonSocial Psychology Laboratory, Paris Cité University, Paris, France.
Anna M BorghiDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9455-8408
Eduard BrandstätterDepartment of Economic Psychology, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria.
Jacek BucznyDepartment of Experimental and Applied Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4932-196X
Nesrin BudakDepartment of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2448-528X
Álvaro CabanaSchool of Psychology and CICADA, Interdisciplinary Center for Data Science and Machine Learning, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8637-290X
Zhenguang G CaiDepartment of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4097-6038
Enrique C CanessaFaculty of Engineering and Science, University of Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Müge CavdanExperimental Psychology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-3849
Luca CecchettiSocial and Affective Neuroscience Group, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-6477
Sergio E ChaigneauCenter for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8642-6325
Feria X W ChangDepartment of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Christopher R ChartierDepartment of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4568-4827
Sau-Chin ChenDepartment of Human Development and Psychology, Tzu-Chi University, Haulien, Taiwan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6092-6049
Elena CherniaevaLaboratory for Psychology of Social Inequality, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Morten H ChristiansenDepartment of Psychology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
Hu Chuan-PengSchool of Psychology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7503-5131
Patrycja ChwiłkowskaPsychology and Cognitive Science Department, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5385-1939
Montserrat ComesañaBasic Psychology, Psycholinguistics Research Line, CIPsi, School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Chin Wen CongSchool of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, Wawasan Open University, George Town, Malaysia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4592-0727
Casey CowanSchool of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-4058-7761
Stéphane Daniel DandeneauPsychology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3466-8079
Oana A DavidInternational Institute for the Advanced Studies of Psychotherapy and Applied Mental Health, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
William E DavisDepartment of Psychology, Wittenberg University, Springfield, OH, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-821X
Elif Gizem Demirag BurakDepartment of Psychology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-8956
Barnaby James Wyld DixsonSchool of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Morton Bay, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-1244
Hongfei DuDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9605-8463
Rod DuclosIvey School, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Wouter DuyckDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Liudmila A EfimovaLaboratory for Psychology of Social Inequality, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Ciara EganSchool of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Vanessa EraDepartment of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5288-1378
Thomas R EvansSchool of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6670-0718
Anna ExnerFaculty of Psychology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0741-9045
Gilad FeldmanDepartment of Psychology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2812-6599
Katharina FellnhoferDepartment of Management, Technology, and Economics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8421-1547
Chiara FiniDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Sarah E FisherDepartment of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA.
Heather D FloweSchool of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5343-5313
Patricia Garrido-VásquezDepartment of Psychology, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9561-8983
Daniele GattiDepartment of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4109-2752
Jason GellerDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Boston College, Boston, MA, USA.
Vaitsa GiannouliSchool of Social Sciences, Hellenic Open University, Patras, Greece.
Anna Sergeevna GorokhovaLaboratory for Psychology of Social Inequality, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0318-5755
Lindsay M GrienerCentre for Comparative Psycholinguistics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Dmitry GrigoryevCenter for Sociocultural Research, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4511-7942
Igor GrossmannDepartment of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2681-3600
Hesam GhasemiMarketing, ESSEC Business School, Cergy, France.
Giacomo HandjarasIMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5677-8434
Cathy HauspieDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5261-1098
Zhiran HeEducation Department, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-3081-3877
Renata M HeilmanDepartment of Psychology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Amirmahdi HeydariPsychology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Alanna M HineSchool of Psychology, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
Karlijn HoyerDevelopmental Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-9847
Weronika HryniszakFaculty of Philosophy, Applied Memory Research Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Doctoral School in the Social Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
Janet Hui-Wen HsiaoDivision of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2271-8710
Guanxiong HuangDepartment of Media and Communication, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8588-1454
Keiko IhayaCenter for Liberal Arts, Fukuoka Institute of Technology, Fukuoka, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-8299
Ewa IlczukFaculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9103-4000
Tatsunori IshiiDepartment of Psychology, Japan Women's University, Tokyo, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8444-4455
Andrei DumbravăGeorge I.M. Georgescu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Iași, Romania.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7981-8707
Katarzyna JankowiakFaculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
Xiaoming JiangInstitute of Language Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5171-9774
David C JohnsonDepartment of Behavioral Sciences, York College, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-6521
Rafał JończykFaculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.
Juhani JärvikiviDepartment of Linguistics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Laura KaczerDepartment of Physiology, Molecular, and Cellular Biology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Kevin Leander KamermansIndependent researcher, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8638-2676
Johannes A KarlSchool of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Alexander KarnerDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5000-3195
Pavol KačmárDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0076-1945
Jacob J KeechSchool of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2504-9778
M Justin KimDepartment of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-8545
Max KorbmacherDepartment of Health and Functioning, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8113-2560
Kathrin KostorzDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2284-9588
Marta KowalIDN Being Human, Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9050-1471
Tomas KratochvilInternational Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
Yoshihiko KunisatoDepartment of Psychology, Senshu University, Kawasaki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5830-7182
Anna O KuzminskaFaculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Lívia KörtvélyessyDepartment of British and American Studies, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia.
Fatma Ebru KösePsychology Department, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.
Massimo KösterPsychological Assessment, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5118-5963
Magdalena KękuśFaculty of Psychology, SWPS University, Krakow, Poland.
Melanie LabuschERI-Lectura and Department of Methodology, University of València, Valencia, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5556-4685
Claus LammDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5422-0653
Chaak Ming LauCentre for Research on Linguistics and Language Studies, Education University of Hong Kong, Tai Po, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2112-4187
Julieta LaurinoDepartment of Physiology, Molecular, and Cellular Biology, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Wilbert LawDepartment of Psychology, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9316-0799
Giada LettieriAffective Physiology and Interoception Group, MoMiLab, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8027-9053
Carmel A LevitanCognitive Science, Occidental College, Los Angeles, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5403-444X
Jackson G LuMIT Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0144-9171
Sarah E MacPhersonHuman Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-6514
Klara MalinakovaOlomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.
Diego Manriquez-RoblesDepartment of Psychology, Catholic University of Temuco, Temuco, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6394-7854
Nicolás MarchantCenter for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Adolfo Ibáñez, Valparaíso, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7891-1005
Marco MarelliDepartment of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5831-5441
Martín MartínezDepartment of Psychology, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3053-7920
Molly F MatthewsPsychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Alan D A MattiassiDepartment of Education, Literatures, Intercultural Studies, Languages and Psychology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9996-0700
Josefina Mattoli-SánchezFaculty of Psychology, Center for Studies in Human Neuroscience and Neuropsychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8396-7650
Claudia MazzucaDepartment of Dynamic and Clinical Psychology, and Health Studies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1568-2425
David P McGovernSchool of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Zdenek MeierOlomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9810-6230
Filip MelinscakDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8767-358X
Michal MisiakIDN Being Human, Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6892-3325
Luis Carlos Pereira MonteiroInstitute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0416-5182
David MoreauSchool of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1957-1941
Sebastian MorenoFaculty of Engineering and Science, University of Adolfo Ibáñez, Viña del Mar, Chile.
Kate E MulgrewSchool of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Petrie, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0678-2643
Dominique MullerLIP/PC2S, University of Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9544-5317
Tamás NagyInstitute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-0356
Marcin NaranowiczFaculty of English, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland.
Izuchukwu L G NdukaiheDepartment of Psychology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-6946
Maital NetaDepartment of Psychology, Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8586-0963
Lukas NovakOlomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7582-2098
Chisom Esther OgbonnayaPsychology Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6392-0865
Jessica Jee Won PaekDepartment of Management and Entrepreneurship, Kelley School of Business, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5083-4308
Aspasia Eleni PaltoglouSchool of Psychology, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1888-5137
Francisco J ParadaDepartment of Psychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile.
Adam J ParkerDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1367-2282
Mariola Paruzel-CzachuraInstitute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8716-9778
Yuri G PavlovInstitute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3896-5145
Saeed PaydarfardPsychology and Educational Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Dominik PeglerDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-2345-1117
Mehmet PekerFaculty of Letters, Department of Psychology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9837-892X
Manuel PereaNebrija Research Center in Cognition (CINC), Nebrija University, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-1365
Stefan PfattheicherDepartment of Psychology and Behavioural Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0161-1570
John ProtzkoPsychological Science, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5710-8635
Irina Sergeevna PrusovaLaboratory for Psychology of Social Inequality, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9298-2408
Katarzyna Pypno-BlajdaInstitute of Psychology, University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3024-3535
Zhuang QiuDepartment of Linguistics and Modern Languages, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1726-6214
Ulf-Dietrich ReipsDepartment of Psychology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-4745
Gianni RibeiroSchool of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2594-8311
Luca RinaldiDepartment of Brain and Behavioural Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2017-6102
S Craig RobertsIDN Being Human, Institute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9641-6101
Tanja C RoembkeChair of Cognitive and Experimental Psychology, Institute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Marina O RomanovaLaboratory for Psychology of Social Inequality, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5240-407X
Robert M RossDepartment of Philosophy, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8711-1675
Jan Philipp RöerDepartment of Psychology and Psychotherapy, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7774-3433
Filiz RızaoğluForeign Language Education Department, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
Toni T SaariInstitute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Erika SampaoloSocial and Affective Neuroscience Group, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4490-9510
Anabela Caetano SantosCIS-Iscte, University Institute of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.
F Çağlar SarıçiçekDepartment of Psychology, Kadir Has University, İstanbul, Turkey.
Kyoshiro SasakiFaculty of Informatics, Kansai University, Takatsuki, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5496-3748
Frank ScharnowskiDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Kathleen SchmidtDepartment of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-5953
Amir SepehriDepartment of Marketing, ESSEC Business School, Cergy, France.
Halid O SerçePsychology Department, Bahçeşehir University, İstanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5129-2048
A Timur SevincerInstitute of Substainability Psychology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lunenburg, Germany.
Cynthia S Q SiewDepartment of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Matilde Ellen SimonettiInstitute of Psychology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Miroslav SirotaDepartment of Psychology, University of Essex, Colchester, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2117-9532
Agnieszka SorokowskaInstitute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3999-8851
Piotr SorokowskiInstitute of Psychology, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland.
Ian D StephenDepartment of Psychology, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9714-8295
Laura M StevensSchool of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Suzanne L K StewartDivision of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2152-0091
David SteyrlDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3215-8115
Stefan StiegerDepartment of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7784-6624
Anna StudzinskaHumanities Department, Icam School of Engineering, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7694-4214
Mar SuarezFaculty of Psychology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.
Anna SzalaDepartment of Anthropology, Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9693-9834
Arnaud SzmalecDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
Daniel SznycerDepartment of Psychology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
Ewa SzumowskaInstitute of Psychology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4181-6175
Sinem SöylemezDepartment of Psychology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, Turkey.
Bahadır SöylemezPhilosophy, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0799-7291
Kaito TakashimaGraduate School of Human-Environment Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7489-5682
Christian K TamnesDepartment of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9191-6764
Joel C R TanDepartment of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Chengxiang TangSchool of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7375-4896
Peter TavelOlomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.
Julian TejadaDepartment of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Aracaju, Brazil.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0275-3578
Benjamin C ThompsonDepartment of Psychology, University of Alabama-Tuscaloosa, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA.
Jake G TiernanSchool of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-7125-7970
Vicente Torres-MuñozResearch Center in Cognitive Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0001-7702-1550
Anna K TouloumakosDepartment of Psychology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece.
Bastien TrémolièreCLLE, University of Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7626-2902
Monika TschenseInstitute for Sustainability Psychology, School of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lunenburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2434-4516
Belgüzar Nilay TürkanDepartment of Cognitive Psychology, Trier University, Trier, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3282-9644
Miguel A VadilloDepartment of Basic Psychology, Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8421-816X
Caterina VannucciSocial and Affective Neuroscience Group, IMT School for Advanced Studies, Lucca, Italy.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9004-5397
Michael E W VarnumDepartment of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2088-6086
Martin R VasilevDepartment of Experimental Psychology, Division of Psychology and Language Sciences, University College London, London, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1944-8828
Leigh Ann VaughnDepartment of Psychology, Ithaca College, Ithaca, NY, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2399-7400
Fanny VerkamptLAPCOS, Côte d'Azur University, Nice, France.
Liliana M VillarDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Central Connecticut State University, New Britain, CT, USA.
Sebastian WallotInstitute of Sustainability Psychology, Leuphana University Lüneburg, Lunenburg, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3626-3940
Lijun WangSchool of Management, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China.
Ke WangDarden School of Business, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5776-0815
Glenn Patrick WilliamsDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1965-7881
David WillingerDepartment of Psychology and Psychodynamics, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems an der Donau, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3110-2355
Kelly WolfePsychology Department, School of Philosophy & Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
Alexandra S WormleyDepartment of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9892-6087
Yuki YamadaFaculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1431-568X
Yunkai YangInstitute of Psychology and Behavior, Henan University, Kaifeng, China.
Yuwei ZhouDepartment of Psychology, Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Mengfan ZhangDepartment of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-5247
Wang ZhengSchool of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3339-5606
Yueyuan ZhengDivision of Social Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0913-9514
Chenghao ZhouDepartment of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
Radka ZidkovaOlomouc University Social Health Institute, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3144-2437
Nina Meret ZumbrunnSchool of Psychology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
Ogeday ÇokerDepartment of Psychology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
Sami ÇoksanNetwork for Economic and Social Trends, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
Sezin ÖnerDepartment of Psychology, Kadir Has University, İstanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8124-3554
Asil Ali ÖzdoğruDepartment of Psychology, Marmara University, İstanbul, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4273-9394
Seda Merve ŞahinDepartment of Psychology, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1503-5292
Dauren KasanovLaboratory of Neurotechnology, Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russian Federation.
Alexios ArvanitisDepartment of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-0286
Cameron BrickDepartment of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7174-8193
Melissa F ColloffSchool of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6401-4872
Albina GallyamovaCentre for Sociocultural Research, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation.
Christopher KochDepartment of Psychology, George Fox University, Newberg, OR, USA.
Ivan RopovikInstitute for Research and Development of Education, Faculty of Education, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5222-1233
Yucheng ZhangSouthampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
Xingxing ZhouInstitute of Facility Agriculture, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Science, Guangzhou, China.
Sneh PatelDepartment of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA.
Jordan W SuchowSchool of Business, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9848-4872
Savannah C LewisDepartment of Psychology, Ashland University, Ashland, OH, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9948-1195

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 72272048, 72343035, 72432003, 71902164, 71972065,72272049, and 72102060
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Semantic priming has been studied for nearly 50 years across various experimental manipulations and theoretical frameworks. Although previous studies provide insight into the cognitive underpinnings of semantic representations, they have suffered from small sample sizes and a lack of linguistic and cultural diversity. In this Registered Report, we measured the size and the variability of the semantic priming effect across 19 languages (n = 25,163 participants analysed) by creating the largest available database of semantic priming values using an adaptive sampling procedure. We found evidence for semantic priming in terms of differences in response latencies between related word-pair conditions and unrelated word-pair conditions. Model comparisons showed that the inclusion of a random intercept for language improved model fit, providing support for variability in semantic priming across languages. This study highlights the robustness and variability of semantic priming across languages and provides a rich, linguistically diverse dataset for further analysis. The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 15 July 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://osf.io/u5bp6 (registration) or https://osf.io/q4fjy (preprint version 6, 31 May 2022).

Indexed as

LanguagePsycholinguisticsSemanticsAdultFemaleHumansMaleReaction TimeYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID40993402

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