Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40993246›Full record

ArticleNature microbiology2025

Rational design of a hospital-specific phage cocktail to treat Enterobacter cloacae complex infections.

Dinesh Subedi, Fernando Gordillo Altamirano, Rylee Deehan, Avindya Perera, Ruzeen Patwa, Xenia Kostoulias, Denis Korneev, Luke Blakeway, Nenad Macesic, Anton Y Peleg and 1 more

Erratum issuedAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature microbiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 13 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Genome sequences of sixMicrobiology resource announcements · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Bacteriophage Therapy AgainstMicroorganisms · 2026
    Review
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Dinesh SubediSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. dinesh.subedi@monash.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1357-9520
Fernando Gordillo AltamiranoSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Rylee DeehanSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Avindya PereraSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Ruzeen PatwaSchool of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Xenia KostouliasCentre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8611-2198
Denis KorneevRamaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4350-8317
Luke BlakewayDepartment of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred Hospital and School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Nenad MacesicCentre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
Anton Y Peleg *Centre to Impact AMR, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2296-2126
Jeremy J Barr *School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia. jeremy.barr@monash.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5603-5294

Funding

Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 1156588Department of Health | National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) 2026130
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The Alfred Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, has reported an ongoing outbreak of infections caused by multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC). Phage therapy is a promising strategy to treat antimicrobial-resistant infections. Utilizing the hospital's isolate collection, built over the past decade, we established an initial 3-phage cocktail with 54% ECC coverage. We then iteratively improved this product by enhancing phage killing efficiency using phage adaptation and expanded host range through targeted phage isolation against low-coverage ECC isolates. This optimization yielded Entelli-02, containing five well-characterized virulent phages that target clinical ECC isolates via distinct bacterial cell surface receptors. Entelli-02 exhibits 88% host coverage against The Alfred Hospital's ECC isolate collection (n = 206), confirmed by plaque formation and reduced bacterial load in septicaemic mice by >99%. We produced this cocktail as a therapeutic-grade product, ready for clinical use. Entelli-02 represents a hospital-specific phage cocktail with frontline efficacy and on-demand availability.

Indexed as

BacteriophagesEnterobacter cloacaeEnterobacteriaceae InfectionsPhage TherapyAnimalsAustraliaDrug Resistance, Multiple, BacterialFemaleHospitalsHost SpecificityHumansMice

Identifiers

PMID40993246
PMCPMC12578640

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.