ArticleNature communications2025
An integrated multi-omic natural history study of human development, sexual dimorphism, and the effects of trisomy 21.
Article in Nature communications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Clinical considerations for immune dysregulation and immunodeficiency in Down syndrome.Journal of human immunity · 2026Review
- Progressive deterioration of adaptive immune repertoires in Down syndrome linked to interferon hyperactivity and lymphoid tissue disorganization.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- LOESS and DE-SWAN can induce artifactual "waves" of molecular aging.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Systematic multi-omic deconvolution of the clinical heterogeneity of Down syndrome.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Altered hepatic metabolism in Down syndrome.Cell reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Human development involves multiple signaling pathways acting concertedly in an age- and sex-specific fashion. Trisomy 21, the genetic cause of Down syndrome, dysregulates human development leading to both early neurodevelopmental delays and atypical accelerated aging through unknown mechanisms. Here, we report an integrated multi-omic analysis of the effects of age, sexual dimorphism, and trisomy 21 in hundreds of research participants using matched transcriptome, proteome, metabolome, and immunome datasets. We find that age-related changes peak during puberty and decrease steadily afterwards, with minor changes past early adulthood. The effects of sexual dimorphism are negligible in early childhood but rise sharply during gonad activation and remain strong during reproductive age. Trisomy 21 impacts all life stages, with clear age-specific effects, whereby individuals with Down syndrome display varying pathophysiology at different life stages. Altogether, these analyses provide an advanced understanding of how human development is affected by sex chromosomes and a viable aneuploidy.
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