Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40993080›Full record

ArticleRenal failure2025

Interplay of HIF-1α, SMAD2, and VEGF signaling in hypoxic renal environments: impact on macrophage polarization and renoprotection.

Yaya Xu, Jiayue Xu, Jiru Li, Xiangmei Kong, Haoyun Mao, Zhiyi Du, Jiahui Zan, Lili Xu, Wen Qian, Zhushengying Ma and 2 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Renal failure, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yaya XuDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0003-4193-6035
Jiayue XuDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Jiru LiDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Xiangmei KongDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Haoyun MaoDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Zhiyi DuDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Jiahui ZanDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Lili XuDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Wen QianDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Zhushengying MaDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Yueniu ZhuDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaodong ZhuDepartment of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, Affiliated to the Medical School of Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0001-5462-2057

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study investigates the roles of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), SMAD2, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in renal repair under hypoxic conditions, focusing on their impact on macrophage phenotype transformation. Bioinformatics analysis identified SMAD2 as a key gene in renal injury, correlating with HIF-1α and VEGF levels. In a cohort of 60 pediatric patients, non-AKI individuals exhibited higher VEGF and SMAD2 levels but lower HIF-1α compared to AKI patients. Using a chronic hypoxia rat model, bevacizumab treatment exacerbated renal damage, as indicated by elevated serum creatinine (79.4 ± 61.7 μmol/L), increased inflammatory markers, and heightened HIF-1α expression. Bevacizumab's inhibition of VEGF also impaired macrophage phenotype modulation.

Indexed as

Acute Kidney InjuryHypoxiaHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitMacrophagesSmad2 ProteinVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AAnimalsBevacizumabChildDisease Models, AnimalFemaleHumansKidneyMaleRatsRats, Sprague-DawleyBevacizumabHIF1A protein, humanHypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha SubunitSmad2 ProteinSMAD2 protein, humanVascular Endothelial Growth Factor AVEGFA protein, humanhypoxia-inducible factor-1 alphaKidney injurymacrophage polarizationrenal repair mechanismsvascular endothelial growth factor

Identifiers

PMID40993080
PMCPMC12462414

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.