ArticleScience advances2025
Site-specific adaptive nanovesicles for oral insulin delivery.
Article in Science advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Shared mechanisms of musculoskeletal dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Insights into future therapeutic directions (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2026Review
- The Needle-Free Frontier: Redefining the Limits of Transdermal Insulin Delivery.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2026Article
- Advances in Nano-Drug Delivery Systems for Chronic Autoimmune Diseases: A Focus on Diabetes Mellitus, Inflammatory Bowel Disease, and Rheumatoid Arthritis.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Milk-derived exosome-based strategy targeting ferroptosis-glycolysis network promotes bone regeneration in diabetic aging comorbidity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Strategies for overcoming multiple barriers of oral administration of protein and peptide therapeutics.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- From Biomedical Mechanisms to Clinical Applications: Research Progress in Plant-Derived Vesicles for Cancer Therapy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Oral Delivery of Semaglutide and Tirzepatide Using Milk-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles.Journal of extracellular biology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
20 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oral delivery of insulin holds great promise for improving patient compliance. However, the harsh gastrointestinal environment, the low permeability of the intestinal epithelium, and hepatic clearance of foreign particles remain key challenges in this area. Here, we report the site-specific adaptive milk-derived nanovesicles (MiNVs) capable of overcoming intestinal and hepatic barriers for oral insulin delivery. These MiNVs could bind natural IgG on their surface, enabling FcRn-mediated transcytosis by evading the lysosomal degradation pathway. Upon reaching the liver, MiNVs responded to the elevated levels of biothiols in the hepatic microenvironment, triggering site-specific insulin release. In type 1 diabetic rats, the oral bioavailability reached 20.4%, which is about 20-fold higher than that of free insulin. Notably, MiNVs showed effective glycemic control over long-term treatment in type 1 diabetic rat and minipig models. By integrating transepithelial transport and liver-specific responsiveness, the site-specific adaptability of MiNVs supports their promise in oral insulin administration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.