ArticlePloS one2025
Hepatitis A in Spain: Evolution of hospitalization in the period 2000-2021.
Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trends and risk factors associated with hepatitis A severity and mortality in French hospitals: a national population-based study, 2013 to 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Hospital Admissions for Hepatitis A and E in Spain: Nationwide Trends and In-Hospital Outcomes.Journal of medical virology · 2026Article
- Single-Center Retrospective Study of Hospitalized Hepatitis A Cases in Southern Bulgaria, 2015-2023.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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13 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundHepatitis A is an acute disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). Chronic liver disease, other viral hepatitis coinfections, and age over 50 years are the main host factors associated with an increased risk of complications. We investigated the evolution of hepatitis A hospitalizations and in-hospital deaths during 2000-2021 in Spain according to demographic characteristics, presence of other sexually transmitted infections, and vaccination strategy (universal or risk-group vaccination).
methodsUsing data from the Spanish National Health System's Minimum Basic Data Set, we calculated age-standardized cumulative hospitalization incidence and 95% confidence interval (CI), factors associated with hospital stay, and hospitalization deaths. Adjusted OR (aOR) values were calculated using a multivariate logistic regression model.
resultsThe Spanish cumulative hospitalization incidence for hepatitis A over the 22-year period was 8.84 per 1 000 000 globally and 12.54 and 5.26 per 1 000 000 for men and women, respectively (RR = 2.38; 95% CI: 2.28-2.50). Median length of stay was 4 days (range 0-85). Factors associated with hospitalization >7 days were age groups 40-59 and ≥60 years (aOR 1.58; 95% CI: 1.37-1.82 and aOR 5.09; 95% CI: 4.01-6.47, respectively), cirrhosis (aOR 6.11; 95% CI: 2.59-14.43), and presence of HIV and HBV (aOR 1.65; 95% CI: 1.15-2.38 and 2.01; 95% CI: 1.03-3.63, respectively). In-hospital deaths were associated with age ≥ 60 years (aOR 35.23; 95% CI: 11.12-111.58), hospitalization >7 days (aOR 4.37; 95% CI: 1.80-10.58), cirrhosis (aOR 8.84; 95% CI: 2.37-32.99), and HCV infection (aOR 8.66; 95% CI: 1.57-47.87). The cumulative hospitalization incidence was lower in regions implementing universal vaccination (RR 0.79; 95% CI: 0.75-0.84).
conclusionResults of studies based on characteristics of hospitalized hepatitis A cases taking into account the existing prevention policies can be useful to have a better knowledge about its evolving epidemiology and to improve the prevention and control of the disease.
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