Observational studyDeutsches Arzteblatt international2025
Participation in the German Mammography Screening Program: An Analysis of Data From the NAKO Health Study.
Observational study in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- [Cancer prevention and screening].Innere Medizin (Heidelberg, Germany) · 2026Review
- Social inequalities in cancer in Germany: a call to action.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Participation behaviour of different migrant groups in breast cancer screening - palpation of the breast and mammography. Results from the German national cohort (NAKO).Journal of migration and health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
30 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundEuropean guidelines recommend a minimum participation rate of 70% for mammography screening programs (MSP), but the rate in Germany has so far been only 50% per round. In this study, we identify factors associated with non-participation in MSP.
methodsCross-sectional data on women aged 50 to 69 from the population-based NAKO Health Study (2014-2019) were used to identify factors associated with MSP participation, and dimensions of participatory behavior were derived by principal component analysis (PCA).
resultsOf 48 057 women aged 50 to 59, 14.6% had never participated in MSP, 35.3% had participated once, and 50.2% had participated multiple times. Age-adjusted regression analyses of individual factors revealed that the use of other primary and secondary prevention measures was the strongest predictor of MSP participation. Smoking was associated with lower participation rates (odds ratio [OR]: 0.70; 95% confidence interval: [0.67; 0.75]), and overweight with higher ones (OR: 1.26 [1.19; 1.34]). PCA enabled the aggregation of factors into three dimensions: "use of preventive measures," "socioeconomic status," and "lifestyle factors."
conclusionIn this study, marked differences were found between MSP non-participants and participants, especially with respect to their use of other preventive measures and their socioeconomic status. One limitation of this study was the self-reporting of MSP participation. Its findings nevertheless provide a basis for interventions directed at specific target groups, for example, education about preventive services (and MSP in particular) in the primary care setting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.