ReviewDeutsches Arzteblatt international2025
The Diagnosis and Treatment of Stimulant-Related Emergencies.
Review in Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Homicide-suicide in three regions of the Czech Republic: A retrospective autopsy-based study (1998-2023).Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Methamphetamine-Related Deaths: Medicolegal Data, 2005-2025.Deutsches Arzteblatt international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundStimulants are the most commonly used illegal drugs in Germany, with a lifetime prevalence of 1.2-6.1%. In Germany, cocaine and amphetamines are the most commonly used illegal stimulants. Their use is on the rise and associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and crime. We present an overview of the management of stimulant-related disorders.
methodsThis review is based on publications retrieved from a selective search in scientific databases and AI-supported platforms, with consideration of pertinent guidelines, reviews, meta-analyses, and original papers.
resultsEven in younger persons, stimulant use increases the risk of medical and neurological emergencies such as rhabdomyolysis (for amphetamines: 30.5%, 95% confidence interval [22.6; 38.5]) and stroke (for amphetamines: OR: 4.95 [3.24; 7.55]; for cocaine: OR: 2.33 [1.74; 3.11]). Stimulant intoxication manifests itself with agitation, aggression, or psychotic symptoms. There can also be long-term psychosis, depression, and cognitive impairment. Symptomatic acute treatment may be needed for dehydration, hyperthermia, and agitated states. Agitated patients need de-escalating communication and stimulus shielding and can be adequately treated with benzodiazepines or antipsychotic drugs in 70-90% of cases. The standard treatment for stimulant dependence is withdrawal treatment for several weeks, followed by rehabilitation therapy for several months. No type of pharmacotherapy has yet been approved for this. Cognitive behavioral therapy, contingency management, and exercise have been found to stabilize abstinence.
conclusionStimulant-related emergencies pose a therapeutic challenge because of their varied and unpredictable course and the limited available evidence on abstinence-maintaining treatment. Symptom-oriented treatment in acute situations, supplemented by a multimodal treatment strategy to promote abstinence, is recommended.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.