ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2025
Human CD4+ T cells recognize Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected macrophages amid broader responses.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Type VII secretion system promotes Streptococcus agalactiae virulence through magnesium acquisition and capsule maintenance.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Restricted MHC-II trafficking inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Exhausted T cell phenotypes in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.JCI insight · 2026Article
- Dynamics of IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-6 during early tuberculosis treatment: significant longitudinal changes but limited value as standalone discriminators of treatment status.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Immunodominant Tuberculosis Antigens Recognized by Human CD4Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2026Article
- Exhausted T cell phenotypes in disseminated coccidioidomycosis.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Immunopeptidomics can inform the design of mRNA vaccines for the delivery ofScience translational medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Update ofHuman memory CD42025
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD4+ T cell-mediated control of tuberculosis (TB) requires recognition of macrophages infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Yet, not all Mtb-specific T cells recognize infected macrophages. Using infected monocyte-derived macrophages and autologous memory CD4+ T cells from individuals with stable latent Mtb infection (LTBI), we quantify the frequency of activated T cells. T cell antigen receptor (TCR) sequencing revealed >70% of unique and >90% of total Mtb-specific TCR clonotypes in LTBI are linked to recognition of infected macrophages, while a subset required exogenous antigen exposure, suggesting incomplete recognition. Clonotypes specific for multiple Mtb antigens, and other pathogens, were identified. Remarkably, antigen screening revealed all TCRs to be specific for type VII secretion system (T7SS) substrates. Mtb-specific clonotypes expressed signature effector functions dominated by IFNγ, TNF, IL-2, and GM-CSF or chemokine production and signaling. We propose that TB vaccines, which elicit T cells specific for T7SS substrates, recognize infected macrophages, and express canonical effector functions, will offer protection against TB.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.