Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40990630›Full record

ArticleBiology letters2025

The shoulder girdle of early chondrichthyans grew by skeletal remodelling.

Plamen S Andreev, Min Zhu, Lars Brakenhoff, Qiang Li, Wenjin Zhao, Lijian Peng, Federica Marone, Richard P Dearden, Martin Rücklin

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biology letters, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Plamen S AndreevResearch Center of Natural History and Culture, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-3496-1139
Min ZhuKey CAS Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Beijing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4786-0898
Lars BrakenhoffDepartment of Understanding Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Qiang LiResearch Center of Natural History and Culture, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China.ORCID 0000-0002-9735-8214
Wenjin ZhaoKey CAS Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, Beijing, China.
Lijian PengResearch Center of Natural History and Culture, Qujing Normal University, Qujing, China.
Federica MaroneSwiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland.
Richard P DeardenDepartment of Understanding Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands.
Martin RücklinDepartment of Understanding Evolution, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Leiden, Netherlands.ORCID 0000-0002-7254-837X

Funding

European Union's Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement grant to R.P.D., no. 101062426Major Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China grant to M.Z. and Q.L., no. 42130209National Natural Science Foundation of China for International Excellent Young Scientists grant to P.S.A., no. W2432027National Natural Science Foundation of China Regional Science Foundation grant to Q.L., no. 42362001Yunnan Province Young and Middle-Aged Academic and Technical Leaders Reserve Talents Program grant to Q.L. and P.S.A, no. 202305AC350252
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A distinct shoulder region, defined by endoskeletal and dermal girdles and associated pectoral musculature, is a major evolutionary adaptation of jawed vertebrates. In teleost model species, the large (macromeric) pectoral dermal bones can be derived from multiple embryonic tissues, identifying the shoulder of osteichthyans as a developmentally complex area at the head-trunk boundary. The absence of bone in living chondrichthyans makes Palaeozoic stem groups capable of dermal ossification key to understanding the underpinnings of skeletal growth in the shoulder of crown gnathostomes (osteichthyans and chondrichthyans). Here, using synchrotron X-ray tomography we demonstrate that individual pectoral plates in the oldest unequivocal jawed vertebrate, the Silurian (c. 439 Mya) chondrichthyan

Indexed as

Bone RemodelingFishesFossilsAnimalsBiological EvolutionPhylogenyTomography, X-Ray Computedbonedentinedermal skeletonfin spinejawed vertebratesresorptionSilurian

Identifiers

PMID40990630
PMCPMC12459293

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.