ArticleInternational journal of surgery (London, England)2026
Adjuvant immunotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy: a multicenter real-world study.
Article in International journal of surgery (London, England), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Real-World Analysis of Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy Followed by Surgery in Esophageal Cancer with Baseline Supraclavicular Lymph Node Involvement.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Heterogeneity of adjuvant therapy effectiveness across post-neoadjuvant pathologic strata in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a retrospective cohort study.Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society · 2026Article
- Validation and prognostic stratification limitations of the 8th AJCC ypTNM staging system in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy: A multicenter retrospective study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Postoperative chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell Carcinoma: Results from ESO-Shanghai 17 and joint analyses for phase II clinical trials.Clinical and translational radiation oncology · 2026Article
- Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Treatment patterns and clinical outcomes of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for patients with resected oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a Chinese multicentre retrospective study.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- A squamous epithelial gene interaction perturbation network index for risk stratification in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Journal of Cancer · 2026Article
- Impact of adjuvant immunotherapy on prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients following neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Residual disease subtyping predicts survival and guides adjuvant immunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
27 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAlthough adjuvant immunotherapy demonstrated an improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) within the chemoradiotherapy cohort of the CheckMate 577 trial, its efficacy and role following NCIT remain to be elucidated. This large-sample, multicenter, real-world study aims to assess survival benefits of adjuvant immunotherapy in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (NCIT) followed by R0 resection.
methodsThis multicenter retrospective study (eight centers, January 2019-March 2023) included 724 ESCC patients undergoing NCIT and R0 resection. Propensity score matching (PSM) balanced 262 patients per group: NCIT + Surgery (NCIT + S) vs. NCIT + Surgery + adjuvant immunotherapy [NCIT + S + ICI (immune checkpoint inhibitors)]. Primary endpoints were 2-year overall survival (OS) and DFS; secondary endpoints included recurrence patterns.
findingsMedian follow-up: 31.2 months (IQR 24.0-39.9). Post-PSM analysis showed no significant OS benefit [2-year OS: 80.0% vs. 84.5%, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.15, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.78-1.70, P = 0.12] or DFS improvement (77.7% vs. 72.6%, HR = 0.97, 95% CI: 0.69-1.37, P = 0.69) for NCIT + S vs. NCIT + S + ICI. Adjuvant immunotherapy was not independently protective for OS (HR = 0.87, P = 0.48) or DFS (HR = 1.03, P = 0.87). However, subgroup analyses revealed OS benefits in Non-MPR (major pathological response) patients (63.9% vs. 81.7%, HR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.05-3.03, P = 0.035) and non- pathological complete response (pCR) patients (74.9% vs. 84.3%, HR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.19-2.10, P = 0.031). Recurrence rates did not differ (local: 15.3% vs. 20.2%, P = 0.50; distant: 16.8% vs. 21.6%, P = 0.17).
interpretationAdjuvant immunotherapy provided no survival benefit in the overall NCIT-treated ESCC cohort but improved OS in patients with residual tumor (Non-MPR/Non-pCR). Further studies are warranted to refine patient selection for adjuvant immunotherapy in this setting.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.