Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40990492›Full record

ReviewSystematic biology2026

Practical Guide and Review of Fossil Tip-Dating in Phylogenetics.

Nicola S Heckeberg, Alessio Capobianco, Basanta Khakurel, Gustavo Darlim, Sebastian Höhna

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Systematic biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Nicola S HeckebergDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6542-8719
Alessio CapobiancoDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-6096-3875
Basanta KhakurelDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0003-0511-2215
Gustavo DarlimDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-7735-2483
Sebastian HöhnaDepartment of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Paleontology & Geobiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.ORCID 0000-0001-6519-6292

Funding

Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft HO 6201/1-1European Union 101043187H2020 European Research Council
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Phylogenetic tip-dating has been and still is revolutionizing evolutionary biology in several ways. Fossil tip-dating, where fossils are placed into a phylogeny as tips based on morphological and/or molecular character information, provides a more principled approach to infer time-calibrated phylogenies compared with node-dating. Additionally, phylogenetic trees with fossils as tips become more and more important to elucidate evolutionary processes in macroevolutionary studies (e.g., deciphering diversification patterns and directional phenotypic evolution). Fossil tip-dating is slowly gathering popularity in empirical applications and has progressed substantially since its first demonstration in 2011, with respect to improved statistical models, software, and data sets. Nevertheless, executing a phylogenetic fossil tip-dating analysis is complicated and comes with many challenges. Here, we provide an extensive review and overview of methods and models for phylogenetic tip-dating analyses with fossils. We focus both on data collection and preparation and on modeling choices. We start with a survey of all published phylogenetic tip-dating studies to date, showing common data and modeling choices as well as trends toward new approaches. Then, we walk readers through sections of molecular evolution, morphological evolution (both for discrete and continuous data), and lineage evolution (the fossilized birth-death process). In each section, we describe the data and standard models with their underlying assumptions, and provide an outlook and practical recommendations.

Indexed as

ClassificationFossilsPhylogenyAnimalsBiological EvolutionDivergence timesfossilized birth–death processfossilsmolecular evolutionmorphological evolutionphylogenytip-dating

Identifiers

PMID40990492
PMCPMC12805671

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.