Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40990275›Full record

ArticleCurrent pharmaceutical biotechnology2026

Essential Oils from

Gamal M Hamad, Neveen M Abdelmotilib, Sawsan A Abd Ellatif, Hazem S Elshafie, Elsayed S Abdel Razik, Mohamed H El-Sheikh, Sanaa S A Kabeil, Sarah A Abou-Alella, Adel I Abd Elaziz, Marwa A Saad and 2 more

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Article in Current pharmaceutical biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Gamal M HamadDepartment of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
Neveen M AbdelmotilibDepartment of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
Sawsan A Abd EllatifBioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
Hazem S ElshafieDepartment of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-6018-7319
Elsayed S Abdel RazikLivestock Research Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
Mohamed H El-SheikhPlant Production Department, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute (ALCRI),City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
Sanaa S A KabeilProtein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnological Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt.
Sarah A Abou-AlellaDepartment of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21526, Egypt.
Adel I Abd ElazizPharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt.
Marwa A SaadDepartment of Food Hygiene and Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Menofia University, Mansoura, Menofia 32514, Egypt.
Naser A AlkenaniDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
Ippolito CameleDepartment of Agricultural, Forestry, Food and Environmental Sciences (DAFE), University of Basilicata, Via dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, Potenza 85100, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8099-8234

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAlzheimer's disease poses a major challenge as a widespread and fatal neurodegenerative disorder, primarily affecting the elderly population worldwide.

objectiveThis study aimed to assess the potential protective and therapeutic effects of virgin olive oil and tiger nut essential oil on Alzheimer's dementia in male rats while also analyzing serum biomarker gene expression profiles in both Alzheimer's and control groups.

methodsRats were fed basal diets supplemented with 5% virgin olive oil or tiger nut essential oil, along with high-fat meals containing trans fats, butter (25%), margarine (25%), and hydrogenated shorten oils (25%) to evaluate lipid profiles and serum biomarkers. Gene expression analysis revealed a significant upregulation of acetylcholinesterase, P53, BCL2, Mouse ICAM-1, PSEN, and BACE genes in the Alzheimer's disease group compared to controls. Real-time PCR analysis also identified inflammatory biomarkers and Alzheimer's disease-associated risk factors in high-fat diet-treated, virgin olive oil-treated, and control samples.

resultsThe study found significant correlations between serum biomarker levels, lipid profiles, and dietary treatments. The activities of acetylcholinesterase, glutathione, catalase, and superoxide dismutase differed notably between virgin olive oil and tiger nut essential oil treatments. High-fat dietary treatments resulted in substantial increases in serum lipid profiles due to trans-fat intake compared to the control group. Overall, both virgin olive oil and tiger nut essential oil demonstrated cognitive enhancement and potential therapeutic effects against Alzheimer's disease symptoms induced by trans-fat feeding, including inhibition of acetylcholines-terase activity, reduction of amyloid-beta accumulation, and mitigation of inflammation.

conclusionThe study suggests that serum biomarker gene expression profiles could serve as valuable indicators for differentiating between Alzheimer's disease, virgin olive oil, and dietary treatments. Both virgin olive oil and tiger nut essential oil demonstrated protective effects, enhancing cognitive function and offering therapeutic potential against AD symptoms. These effects were achieved through the reduction of inflammation, the inhibition of AChE activity, and the reduction of amyloid-beta accumulation.

Indexed as

Alzheimer DiseaseCyperusOils, VolatileOleaAcetylcholinesteraseAnimalsBiomarkersDiet, High-FatDisease Models, AnimalMaleRatsAcetylcholinesteraseBiomarkersOils, Volatileacetylcholinesterase enzymeAlzheimer’s dementiaaromatherapylipid profilequantitative real-time PCRserum biomarkers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.