Observational studyLiver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver2025
Early Hemostatic Treatment Could Improve 30-Day Survival After Spontaneous Rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Observational study in Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06505291 (Long-term Management of Patients With Ruptured HCC), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Long-term Management of Patients With Ruptured HCC
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Spontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma: mechanobiology, rescue, and oncologic control.Journal of gastrointestinal oncology · 2026Article
- Early Hemostatic Treatment Could Improve 30-Day Survival After Spontaneous Rupture of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Liver international : official journal of the International Association for the Study of the Liver · 2025Observational
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionSpontaneous rupture of hepatocellular carcinoma (SRHCC) presents a critical clinical challenge, with early haemostasis often difficult to achieve and limited data available on subsequent treatment strategies. This study aims to evaluate whether the initial hemostatic approach influences early prognosis and facilitates further treatment of HCC.
methodsThis retroprospective multicentric cohort included patients with SRHCC since 2008. Cox and Kaplan-Meier models analysed factors associated with overall survival (OS).
results112 patients with SRHCC were included. Hemostatic treatment was administered in 54.4% of cases (83.6% embolization, 9.8% surgery and 6.6% embolization plus surgery). The 30-day mortality rate was 28.6%. Factors associated with 30-day mortality included ALBI score > 2 (HR = 4.23; p = 0.001), shock (HR = 2.37; p = 0.029), acute kidney injury (HR = 4.40; p = 0.003), and BCLC stage C/D (HR = 14.29; p = 0.010). Early hemostatic intervention was associated with improved 30-day survival (HR = 0.42; p = 0.033). Palliative care was initiated in 27% of patients (10% after embolization and 17% upon admission). One-third of patients received subsequent HCC treatment after a median of 84 days [IQR: 39-176] (55.3% surgery and 18.4% systemic therapy). Among these, 63% (n = 24) had undergone early hemostatic treatment. The one-year OS rate was 39.3%, the median follow-up duration was 136 days (95% CI: 20.3-739.5), and the median OS was 6.6 ± 4.1 months (95% CI: 0-14.8). Delayed HCC treatment following rupture significantly improved OS (HR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.20-0.61; p < 0.001), particularly when surgery was performed (p < 0.0001).
conclusionOur results suggest that early hemostatic treatment could be beneficial after spontaneous rupture of HCC in well compensated patients.
trial registrationNCT06505291.
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