ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2025
Clinically Inspired Multimodal Treatment Using Induced Neural Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Promotes Recovery of Traumatic Brain Injury through Microglial Modulation.
Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Microglia and neuroinflammation: An in-depth analysis from functional diversity to disease mechanisms.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Review
- Review
- Recent advances in self-assembled nanoplatforms for central nervous system disorders therapy: Design principles, multifunctional strategies, and therapeutic applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Engineered small extracellular vesicles as bioactive materials: Integrating engineering strategies for cargo loading and targeted delivery systems.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Clinically Inspired Multimodal Treatment Using Induced Neural Stem Cells-Derived Exosomes Promotes Recovery of Traumatic Brain Injury through Microglial Modulation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) poses serious physical, psychosocial, and economic threats to millions of patients globally each year. While current treatment options, primarily surgery and medication, vary with TBI severity, there is no universal therapeutic agent applicable in both surgical and medical contexts. In the present study, exosomes derived from induced neural stem cells (iNSC-Exo) as a versatile therapeutic agent for TBI are investigated using a preclinical murine model. The iNSC-Exo treatment is found to exert therapeutic effects by mediating anti-neuroinflammation and neuroprotection, thereby promoting functional and cognitive recovery in TBI mice. Besides, two clinically inspired administration modalities are established for iNSC-Exo: local delivery and systemic delivery. Their efficacy is enhanced via a novel injectable hydrogel and RVG targeting for systemic delivery, respectively. Finally, the unprecedented single-cell characterization of mouse brain tissue, both pre- and post-iNSC-Exo treatment, confirms that microglia represent the predominant type of cells affected. Two microglial subpopulations (i.e., Microglia_Nrg3 and Microglia_Rarb) are identified with a reduced state of differentiation, and their connectivity with neurons is predicted through activation of the NRXN signaling pathway. Overall, these findings demonstrated that iNSC-Exo offers a versatile and potent treatment platform with clinical potential for TBI management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.