SynthesisFrontiers in aging neuroscience2025
Effects of different frequencies of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on sleep disorders and depression in patients with Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Comparative Efficacy and Safety of Treatments for Parkinson's Disease With Depression: A Systematic Review and Bayesian Model-Based Network Meta-Analysis.Brain and behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients with Postherpetic Neuralgia and Comorbid Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as a promising neuromodulatory approach for alleviating sleep disturbances and depressive symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet direct comparisons of different stimulation frequencies remain scarce. Objective: To evaluate and rank the efficacy of three rTMS frequencies (1 Hz, 5 Hz, and 10 Hz), each combined with conventional therapy, on sleep disorders and depression in PD patients, thereby informing clinical decision-making. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ProQuest, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and the Chinese Scientific and Journal Database. A network meta-analysis was performed to compare the effects of different frequencies of rTMS (1 Hz, 5 Hz, and 10 Hz) on sleep disorders and depression in PD patients. Results: Thirty-one RCTs involving 1,977 PD patients met inclusion criteria. Compared with conventional treatment alone, adjunctive 5 Hz and 10 Hz rTMS produced significant improvements in both Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Parkinson's Disease Sleep Scale (PDSS). Although 1 Hz rTMS yielded numerically greater PSQI and PDSS improvements than conventional therapy, these differences did not reach statistical significance, nor did differences between the three stimulation frequencies. In terms of depressive symptoms, all three frequencies (1 Hz, 5 Hz, and 10 Hz) significantly reduced HAMD scores versus standard care, with head-to-head comparisons indicating superior efficacy of 10 Hz over 1 Hz and 5 Hz. The Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking area (SUCRA) consistently identified 10 Hz rTMS as the most effective frequency for PSQI, PDSS, and HAMD outcomes. Conclusion: Adjunctive rTMS at 1 Hz, 5 Hz, and 10 Hz each confer benefits for sleep and mood in PD patients, but 10 Hz stimulation appears to offer the greatest overall improvement. These findings support the preferential use of 10 Hz rTMS when targeting non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/recorddashboard, identifier CRD42024614337.
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