Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40989438›Full record

ArticlePeerJ. Computer science2025

A review of methods and software for polygenic risk score analysis.

Sara Benoumhani, Areej Al-Wabil, Niddal Imam, Bashayer Alfawaz, Amaan Zubairi, Dalal Aldossary, Mariam AlEissa

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PeerJ. Computer science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Sara BenoumhaniArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Areej Al-WabilArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Niddal ImamCollege of Computing and Informatics, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Bashayer AlfawazArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Amaan ZubairiArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0009-0007-1020-1577
Dalal AldossaryArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Mariam AlEissaArtificial Intelligence Research Center, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.ORCID 0000-0002-2355-4036

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) are emerging as powerful tools for predicting individual susceptibility to various diseases and traits based on genetic variants. These scores integrate information from multiple genetic markers associated with the trait or disease of interest, offering personalized risk assessment and enhancing disease management strategies. PRS is an active area of research and is being studied in various fields, such as disease prediction. This review explores the advancement of PRS research, focusing on methodological approaches, software tools, and applications across diverse disciplines. A systematic literature review identified 40 relevant articles classified based on PRS methods and software. Key methods for PRS computation, including penalized regression and threshold-based approaches, Bayesian approaches, and machine learning approaches, are discussed, along with notable software and their features. Applications of PRS in disease prevention are highlighted. Challenges and future directions, such as increasing diversity in genetic data, integrating environmental factors, and evaluating clinical implications, are also discussed to guide future research and implementation efforts.

Indexed as

Polygenic risk score (PRS)Polygenic risk scores (PRSs)PRS predictionPRS softwarePRS toolsSystematic literature review

Identifiers

PMID40989438
PMCPMC12453730

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.