ArticleFrontiers in psychology2025
Do you truly feel pleasant? The effect of question formulations on affective responses to acute exercise.
Article in Frontiers in psychology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The current study used the Feeling Scale, developed by Hardy and Rejeski, to examine how question formulations affect affective responses during acute exercise. A within-group experimental design of 3 (question formulations) × 6 (measurement time) was used. The three types of question formulations were positive, negative, and neutral. The measurement time was divided into three categories: prior to the beginning of the exercise, at 5-min intervals during the exercise, and immediately following the cool-down, resulting in a total of 6 measures. Participants' heart rate was tracked throughout, and affective responses were evaluated using one question formulation per exercise, in a random order. We recruited 21 college students to complete three 30-min moderate-intensity running sessions (2 days apart). A repeated-measures ANOVA treated question formulations and measurement time as independent variables. Results showed that: (1) When ratings of affective responses were the dependent variable, the main effect of measurement time (
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