Exploring the Epidemiology, Transmission Dynamics and Public Health Interventions of Marburg Viral Disease: A Scoping Review of Global Evidence.

Background: Marburg viral disease is a highly virulent pathogen with acute hemorrhagic fever outbreaks. It has generally received less attention despite its ability to cause explosive outbreaks in humans and poses a threat to public health. Marburg Virus Disease remains significantly under-researched, with a notable lack of comprehensive scientific evidence. This limited attention has resulted in gaps in understanding its epidemiology, clinical management, and prevention strategies. Objective: This scoping review aims to explore the epidemiology, transmission dynamics, clinical manifestations, and public health interventions of Marburg viral disease. Methods: A scoping review methodology was used to collate relevant studies from global electronic databases published between 1975 and 2024. Articles reporting up on epidemiological data, transmission routes, clinical features, interventions and control prevention of Marburg viral disease were selected. This review followed the PRISMA guidelines. Results: Based on the review findings, Marburg viral disease outbreaks have been potentially occurring mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa. Marburg viral disease is zoonotically transmitted through direct contact of humans with infected bats and human-to-human through bodily fluids, greater risks for healthcare workers with inadequate infection control practices. Public health measures to combat it are case isolation, contact tracing, personal protective equipment, and community engagement. Conclusions: The course of Marburg viral disease is still highly a public health problem. Enhancing healthcare systems, surveillance and research on vaccines and therapeutics are critical in boosting preparedness.