Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40989107›Full record

ReviewAntibody therapeutics2025

Reprogramming the tumor microenvironment: synergistic mechanisms of antibody-drug conjugates and immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Ling Yin, Shoubing Zhou, Hongliang Zhang, Chengbing Yao, Zaid Talal Abdulqader Al-Qadhi, Yuhua Shang, Songquan Wu, Tengchuan Jin

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Antibody therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Ling YinCenter of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0526-6303
Shoubing ZhouLaboratory of Structural Immunology, State Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027  China.
Hongliang ZhangCenter of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
Chengbing YaoAnhui Genebiol Biotech, Ltd, Hefei 230000, China.
Zaid Talal Abdulqader Al-QadhiFaculty of Medicine, University of Saba Region, Marib 14400, Yemen.
Yuhua ShangAnhui Genebiol Biotech, Ltd, Hefei 230000, China.
Songquan WuCenter of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.
Tengchuan JinCenter of Disease Immunity and Intervention, College of Medicine, Lishui University, Lishui 323000, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1395-188X

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The integration of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represents a paradigm shift in oncology, combining targeted cytotoxicity and adaptive immune activation to overcome resistance in refractory tumors. This review explores their mechanistic synergy, focusing on dual functions in reprogramming the tumor immune microenvironment. ADCs mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), engaging NK cells and macrophages to release tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and damage-associated molecular patterns. Immunogenic cell death (ICD) amplifies adaptive immunity by releasing TAAs for T-cell priming, while PD-L1 upregulation creates a targetable niche for PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors. This strategy sustains interferon-γ signaling and drives effector T-cell differentiation, but overlapping immunostimulatory signals raise risks of cytokine release syndrome and immune-related adverse events, requiring biomarker-guided risk stratification. We propose a multidimensional immune microenvironment reprogramming framework, integrating tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte phenotyping, serum biomarkers, and spatial transcriptomic mapping, to optimize ADC-ICI therapy and balance efficacy with immunopathology.

Indexed as

antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs)immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)immune microenvironment reprogramming (IMER)immune-related adverse events (irAEs)tumor microenvironment (TME)

Identifiers

PMID40989107
PMCPMC12451267

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.