Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40989040›Full record

ArticleClinical neuropsychiatry2025

Evaluation of Adherence to Pharmacological Treatment in a Large Sample of Patients with Personality Disorder.

Maddalena Cocchi, Nicolaja Girone, Matteo Leonardi, Francesco Achilli, Beatrice Benatti, Bernardo dell'Osso

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Clinical neuropsychiatry, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07481890 (Feasibility and Efficacy of an EMDR Psychotherapeutic Intervention With Additional Procedures), which is not on this map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07481890 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Feasibility and Efficacy of an EMDR Psychotherapeutic Intervention With Additional Procedures (EMDR Toolbox Method) in Improving the Psychological Well-Being of Patients Diagnosed With Oncological Disease: A Randomized Study.

TypeinterventionalSponsorLega Cancro TicinoRan2026 to 2027Enrolled46ConditionsCancer, Psychological DistressArmsSTANDARD EMDR, EMDR TOOLBOX METHOD
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Maddalena CocchiLuigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via GB Grassi 74, 20154 Milan, Italy.
Nicolaja GironeLuigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via GB Grassi 74, 20154 Milan, Italy.
Matteo LeonardiLuigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via GB Grassi 74, 20154 Milan, Italy.
Francesco AchilliLuigi Sacco University Hospital, University of Milan, Via GB Grassi 74, 20154 Milan, Italy.
Beatrice BenattiUniversity of Milan, Department of Mental Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy and "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
Bernardo dell'OssoUniversity of Milan, Department of Mental Health, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, Milan, Italy and "Aldo Ravelli" Center for Neurotechnology and Brain Therapeutic, University of Milan, Milan, Italy and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Stanford University, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: Personality disorders (PDs) are chronic and pervasive mental health conditions associated with significant functional impairment and high psychiatric comorbidity. Although psychotherapeutic interventions are the primary treatment approach, pharmacotherapy is frequently prescribed to manage specific symptoms. However, adherence to pharmacological treatment in PDs remains a critical challenge, influenced by both personality traits and clinical factors. The present study aims to assess adherence rates in a large cohort of patients with PDs and explore potential sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with compliance. Method: This observational study included 200 patients diagnosed with PDs according to DSM-5 criteria, recruited from different psychiatric services in Milan, Italy. Adherence was assessed using the Clinician Rating Scale (CRS), with positive adherence defined as CRS ≥ 5 and poor adherence as CRS < 5. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected and analyzed across adherence groups and PD clusters. Results: Positive adherence was observed in 64.5% of the sample. Cluster C PDs exhibited significantly higher adherence rates (83.3%) compared to Cluster B (61.3%), mixed-feature (60%), and Cluster A (73.3%; p<.05). A positive family history of psychiatric disorders was associated with greater adherence (60.3% vs. 45.5%, p<.05). A trend toward lower adherence was observed in patients with lifetime and current substance use. Conclusions: Higher adherence in Cluster C PDs may be linked to anxiety-driven behavioral patterns, while lower adherence in Cluster B and mixed-feature PDs suggests impulsivity and mistrust contribute to non-compliance. Additionally, a positive family history of psychiatric disorders emerged as a potential protective factor, possibly enhancing treatment engagement through greater awareness and support networks. Future research should focus on developing tailored interventions to the specific needs of different PD clusters to improve long-term treatment outcomes.

Indexed as

adherence to treatmentclinical outcomeclusterpersonality disorders

Identifiers

PMID40989040
PMCPMC12453032

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-SA
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.