ArticleCureus2025
Use of Lipid-Containing Nanoemulsion Artificial Tears in Patients With Combined Dry Eye Disease and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Article in Cureus, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immune inflammatory targets and anti-inflammatory therapy in dry eye disease.International ophthalmology · 2026Review
- Dietary and Formulation Potential of Natural Oils and Fats in Ocular Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to evaluate the effects of lipid-containing nanoemulsion artificial tears (ATs) on tear film stability, ocular surface health, and symptoms in patients with dry eye disease (DED) and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD).
methodsA retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients who received either lipid-containing nanoemulsion ATs (study group, 50 eyes) or another AT formulation (control group, 50 eyes). Primary outcomes were non-invasive tear break-up time (NITBUT), Schirmer I test, ocular surface staining, meibomian gland loss rate, and DED-related symptoms. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests and generalized linear models.
resultsNITBUT was significantly longer in the study group compared with the control group (P < 0.001). Ocular surface staining and DED-related symptoms were also significantly better in the study group (both P < 0.05). The magnitude of improvement in NITBUT, meibomian gland loss rate, ocular surface staining, and DED-related symptoms was greater in the study group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Sensitivity analysis showed that male sex was associated with DED improvement in the study group (P = 0.038), while both younger age and male sex were associated with improvement in the control group (both P < 0.05).
conclusionLipid-containing nanoemulsion ATs were associated with greater improvements in tear film stability and ocular surface outcomes in patients with DED and MGD.
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Registered trials
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