ArticleFrontiers in medicine2025
Novel immune checkpoint inhibitor FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Background: With limited therapeutic options for advanced stages, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be the primary cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Although still less than ideal in HCC, immunotherapy-especially immune checkpoint drugs targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis-shows promise. Combining direct tumor lysis with immune modulation provides a new strategy in oncolytic virotherapy using vaccinia virus. Designed to boost anti-tumor immunity through dual checkpoint inhibition and oncolysis, this study assessed the efficacy of the FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus. Materials and methods: Homologous recombination was used to develop a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing FilC and PD-1 inhibitors. We evaluated viral infectivity and replication in HCC cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, Hepa1-6, PLC/PRF/5) and in VERO cells-a non-hepatic kidney epithelial cell line from Findings: The FilC/PD-1 recombinant virus displayed high infection efficiency (88.4% in HepG2), robust viral replication, and substantial oncolytic activity in HCC cells. Compared to the PD-1 inhibitor virus alone, the virus greatly lowered tumor volume (84%) and raised CD8 Conclusion: Combining synergistic immune checkpoint inhibition with oncolytic virotherapy, the FilC/PD-1 recombinant vaccinia virus significantly increases anti-tumor immunity and slows the growth of HCC.
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