ArticleFrontiers in public health2025
Impact of China's National Volume-Based Procurement policy exclusively for insulin on the volume, expenditure and price: an interrupted time series analysis in Guangdong Province.
Article in Frontiers in public health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Contingent Payoff of Transparency: The Mediating Roles of Citizen Participation and Enforcement in Health Service Delivery Improvement.Journal of evaluation in clinical practice · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effect of China's National Volume-Based Procurement (NVBP) policy exclusively for insulin by analyzing the trend in volume, expenditure, and price before and after NVBP policy. Methods: Taking Guangdong Province, China as an example, descriptive statistics and interrupted time series analysis were used to quantitatively measure the immediate and long-term effect of the NVBP policy on insulin volume, expenditure and price. In terms of volume, subgroup analysis is further conducted based on different generations and enterprise ownership to examine the impact of NVBP on the insulin utilization pattern. Results: Following the implementation of the NVBP policy, monthly insulin procurement volume increased significantly from 7.69 million to 9.37 million defined daily doses (DDDs), while monthly expenditure decreased from CNY 86.64 million to CNY 52.55 million, accompanied by a reduction in defined daily dose cost (DDDc) from CNY 11.24 to CNY 5.57. Interrupted time series analysis (ITSA) confirmed these trends, showing an immediate post-intervention increase of 1.547 million DDDs ( Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that the NVBP policy significantly reduced insulin expenditure while improving treatment accessibility and affordability for insulin. The policy effectively promoted therapeutic upgrading from human insulin to insulin analogue and optimized medication regimen. Notably, it stimulated domestic insulin market development through substitution effect. This multi-dimensional improvement exemplifies the principles of value-based healthcare delivery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.