ArticleNature biomedical engineering2026
An immune-competent lung-on-a-chip for modelling the human severe influenza infection response.
Article in Nature biomedical engineering, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- The gut-lung axis and viral pneumonia: Unrevealing the gut microbiota.Pharmaceutical science advances · 2026Review
- Recent advances in immunocompetent human skin-on-chip models: Construction strategies and biomedical applications.Bioactive materials · 2026Review
- Ex vivo bone marrow subniches influence the fate of human antibody-secreting cells.Science advances · 2026Article
- Engineering Lung-on-a-chip microdevices for respiratory disease modelling and drug testing: A fit-for-purpose framework for design and translational validation.Biomedical microdevices · 2026Review
- Neonatal small extracellular vesicle-loaded GelNB hydrogel reprograms the vascular-immune microenvironment for spinal cord injury repair.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Immune Cell Responses to Fluid Shear: Overview and Design Considerations forCurrent opinion in biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Review
- Particle size determines mucociliary transport mechanisms in normal and cystic fibrosis airways.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Investigating human lung resilience, its evolutionary history and its relation to COPD.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2026Review
- Respiratory Organ-on-a-Chip for Disease Modeling: From Architecture to Functional Integration.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Alveolus-on-a-chip: A Novel Tool for Modeling Lung Transplant Cold Storage Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury.Transplantation · 2026Article
- Organ-on-chip (OoC) and nano-biomaterials: next generation of precision oral and dental healthcare research.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Review
- How new approach methods are reshaping virology research.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Dissecting Cell Death Pathways in Influenza A Virus Infection: Comparative Insights from Human Models.Viruses · 2026Review
- Autologous human iPSC-derived alveolus-on-chip reveals early pathological events ofScience advances · 2026Article
- RNA modifications shape innate immunity and cellular adaptation during bacterial respiratory infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Microfluidic lung-on-a-chip for evaluating inflammation and toxicity from environmental pollutants.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Review
- A utility of air-liquid interface cultured airway epithelium for the development of antiviral agents: translation beyond biology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Pollutant particle priming amplifies airway compartment specific neutrophil and macrophage inflammatory programs following house dust mite acute exposure.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The 3D landscape of infection: spatial organization andFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Severe influenza affects 3-5 million people worldwide each year, resulting in more than 300,000 deaths annually. However, standard-of-care antiviral therapeutics have limited effectiveness in these patients. Current preclinical models of severe influenza fail to accurately recapitulate the human immune response to severe viral infection. Here we develop an immune-competent, microvascularized, human lung-on-a-chip device to model the small airways, successfully demonstrating the cytokine storm, immune cell activation, epithelial cell damage, and other cellular- and tissue-level human immune responses to severe H1N1 infection. We find that interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α play opposing roles in the initiation and regulation of the cytokine storm associated with severe influenza. Furthermore, we discover the critical stromal-immune CXCL12-CXCR4 interaction and its role in immune response to infection. Our results underscore the importance of stromal cells and immune cells in microphysiological models of severe lung disease, describing a scalable model for severe influenza research. We expect the immune-competent human lung-on-a-chip device to enable critical discoveries in respiratory host-pathogen interactions, therapeutic side effects, vaccine potency evaluation, and crosstalk between systemic and mucosal immunity in human lung.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.