Trial reportBMJ open2025
Preliminary effectiveness of musical messaging to improve child eye health service uptake in Zanzibar: a pilot randomised trial.
Trial report in BMJ open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06469697 (Utilizing Traditional and Modern Music Performance in Eye Health Education to Improve Child Eye Health Service Uptake in Zanzibar), which is not on this map. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Utilizing Traditional and Modern Music Performance in Eye Health Education to Improve Child Eye Health Service Uptake in Zanzibar
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Compliance with post-school vision screening referral: a systematic review.BMJ open ophthalmology · 2026Pooled it
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the preliminary effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a culturally tailored, music-based broadcast intervention delivered through schools and community radio to improve referral adherence among schoolchildren to inform the need for a definitive trial.
designPilot randomised interventional study.
setting18 schools across Unguja and Pemba islands, Zanzibar.
participantsSchoolchildren (6-18 years old) who failed vision screening and were referred for care recruited from January to February 2024. The registered sample size reflects the full cohort, including children and adults. This manuscript reports on the child cohort only, as per the predefined analysis plan.
interventionGroup 1 received 3 months of school-based broadcasts of culturally tailored 3-6 min songs (played three times daily on 2 days per week), followed by 3 months of community radio broadcasts of additional songs (3-6 min, aired three times daily); Group 2 received the community broadcasts during the same period as Group 1. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: The primary outcome was change in referral adherence assessed at two time points: 3 months after school broadcast and 3 months after community broadcast, expressed in difference-in-difference estimates and effect sizes. Secondary outcomes included reporting of adverse events and contamination, and cost-effectiveness calculated as cost per child reached and cost per referred child accessed care in study groups and combined intervention.
results374 children were referred to eye care services, including 246 in Group 1 and 128 in Group 2. Referral adherence was 69.8% in Group 1 and 42.9% in Group 2 (p=0.0006). The school broadcast phase yielded an effect size of 0.26 and a cost of US$4.65 per referred child accessing services. The community broadcast produced an effect size of 0.21, with a cost of US$0.29 per person reached. The combined intervention reached individuals at a cost of US$0.37 per person. No adverse event and contamination was reported.
conclusionA combined school and community broadcast intervention improved referral adherence in this pilot trial, with evidence of cost-effectiveness. These findings support the conduct of a fully powered definitive trial. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06469697.
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