Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40987434›Full record

ReviewEuropean journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie2026

Explainable AI: Ethical Frameworks, Bias, and the Necessity for Benchmarks.

Rosa Verhoeven, Wiam Bouisaghouane, Jan Bf Hulscher

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in European journal of pediatric surgery : official journal of Austrian Association of Pediatric Surgery ... [et al] = Zeitschrift fur Kinderchirurgie, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rosa VerhoevenDepartment of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
Wiam BouisaghouaneDivision of Neonatology, Beatrix Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Jan Bf HulscherDepartment of Surgery, Division of Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.

Funding

For Wis(h)dom Foundation Project 9
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly integrated into pediatric healthcare, offering opportunities to improve diagnostic accuracy and clinical decision-making. However, the complexity and opacity of many AI models raise concerns about trust, transparency, and safety, especially in vulnerable pediatric populations. Explainable AI (XAI) aims to make AI-driven decisions more interpretable and accountable. This review outlines the role of XAI in pediatric surgery, emphasizing challenges related to bias, the importance of ethical frameworks, and the need for standardized benchmarks. Addressing these aspects is essential to developing fair, safe, and effective AI applications for children. Finally, we provide recommendations for future research and implementation to guide the development of robust and ethically sound XAI solutions.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceBenchmarkingClinical Decision-MakingPediatricsBiasChildHumans

Identifiers

PMID40987434
PMCPMC13305571

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.