Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40987281›Full record

ArticleThe American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene2025

Incidence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Neutralizing Antibodies in a Rural Community in Western Kenya during the First 24 Months of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic.

Daja D Gaston, Christine F Markwalter, Jillian T Grassia, Betsy Freedman, Lin-Fa Wang, Andrew A Obala, Wendy P O'Meara, Steve M Taylor

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Daja D GastonDivision of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Christine F MarkwalterDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Jillian T GrassiaDuke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Betsy FreedmanDivision of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Lin-Fa WangProgramme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore.
Andrew A ObalaSchool of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.
Wendy P O'MearaDivision of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.
Steve M TaylorDivision of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina.

Funding

Synthesizing immunoinformatics and genetic epidemiology to identify signatures of natural functional immunity to malaria parasitesK01AI175527 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI Christine Markwalter · 2023 to 2026
$486k
Longitudinal cohort study of SARS-CoV2 sero-conversion in a malaria-endemic community in Western KenyaR21AI167242 · NIAID · DUKE UNIVERSITY · PI PRUDHOMMEOMEARA, WENDY, TAYLOR, STEVE MYER · 2022 to 2023
$445k
NIAID NIH HHS K01 AI175527NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI167242
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Seroreactivity to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antigens was commonly reported in African settings during the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) are not only correlated with functional protection from disease but also are highly specific responses to the virus. These responses were used to investigate the evolution of virus exposure in a community-based, longitudinal cohort of 504 individuals in rural Western Kenya. Eluates from dried blood spots collected every 3 months from January 2020 to September 2021 were tested for nAbs using a commercial kit. Only 10 individuals developed SARS-CoV-2 nAbs, all of which were clustered in December 2020 (wildtype virus) and September 2021 (delta variant). After seroconversion, all patients seroreverted within 2 months. Despite reports of widespread viral exposure in Western Kenya from 2020 to 2021, the paucity of nAbs highlights the limited natural immunity present when vaccines became available in late 2021 in Kenya.

Indexed as

Antibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, ViralCOVID-19SARS-CoV-2AdolescentAdultAgedFemaleHumansIncidenceKenyaLongitudinal StudiesMaleMiddle AgedPandemicsRural PopulationAntibodies, NeutralizingAntibodies, Viral

Identifiers

PMID40987281
PMCPMC12590989

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.