ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2025
Antagonistic SnRK2 and PID kinases' action on auxin transport-mediated root gravitropism.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- From activation to desensitization: How ABA balances plant growth and abiotic stress response?Plant communications · 2026Review
- A RAF-SnRK2-PP2C functional module regulates cell survival in the chlorophyte Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- The Small Auxin Upregulated RNAPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Dynamic and Basal Phosphorylation Landscapes of Abscisic Acid Signaling Revealed by Phosphoproteome Analysis in Arabidopsis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Heterologous Expression ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
Plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to adapt to environmental changes, with root gravitropism playing a pivotal role in nutrient and water acquisition. Our study reveals that SnRK2 kinases (SnRK2.2 and SnRK2.3) are critical regulators of root gravitropism through their direct phosphorylation of the auxin transporter PIN2 at S259. We demonstrate that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation modulates both the polar localization and transport activity of PIN2. Importantly, SnRK2s function antagonistically to the AGCVIII kinase PID, which phosphorylates PIN2 at a distinct site (S258), establishing a regulatory balance essential for adaptive root growth. Structural modeling and phosphorylation assays further suggest that SnRK2s-mediated phosphorylation at S259 sterically hinders access of PID to S258, providing a mechanistic basis for their antagonistic relationship. These findings uncover a novel regulatory mechanism, by which plants fine-tune root developmental programs to adapt to environmental stimuli, highlighting the evolutionary significance of multilayered kinase-mediated regulation in plant adaptation.
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