ArticleMolecular biology reports2025
Adhesin genes expression among carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli exposed to linalool and metformin.
Article in Molecular biology reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Antimicrobial and Synergistic Activity of Metformin AgainstThe Canadian journal of infectious diseases & medical microbiology = Journal canadien des maladies infectieuses et de la microbiologie medicale · 2026Article
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4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe extensive dissemination of carbapenem-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli (CR-UPEC) has serious public health implications, particularly limiting treatment options for urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of the natural compound linalool, an active component of some medicinal herbs, alone and in combination with metformin and imipenem against CR-UPEC and its effects on the expression of adhesin genes important for UPEC virulence.
methodsTen isolates of CR-UPEC were collected from female patients aged 11–56 years old. The antibacterial tests and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) levels of agents were determined in ranges 0.5–1024 µg/mL. Moreover, anti-biofilm effects were measured in microplate tissue assay. The expression of adhesin genes was evaluated in exposure to agents using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique.
resultsWe observed downregulation of fimH, papC, and afa/dra genes by 2.6 fold (p < 0.0001), 2.2 fold (p < 0.0001) and 1.6 fold (p < 0.01), respectively following linalool treatment. Moreover, linalool and metformin mitigated the levels of biofilm formation by CR-UPEC. In addition, linalool but not metformin outlined synergistic antibacterial effects with imipenem via marked reduction of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC).
conclusionAccording to the results, metformin and linalool exhibited antibacterial and anti-biofilm properties against CR-UPEC isolates. In the future, more number of isolates are needed and sufficient molecular mechanistic studies should be performed to verify these findings.
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