Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40985482›Full record

ArticleStatistics in medicine2025

Gaussian Process Regression for Value-Censored Functional and Longitudinal Data.

Adam Gorm Hoffmann, Claus Thorn Ekstrøm, Benjamin Zeymer Christoffersen, Andreas Kryger Jensen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Statistics in medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Adam Gorm HoffmannSection of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0058-3804
Claus Thorn EkstrømSection of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Benjamin Zeymer ChristoffersenDivision of Robotics, Perception and Learning, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Andreas Kryger JensenSection of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Gaussian process (GP) regression is widely used for flexible and non-parametric Bayesian modeling of data arising from underlying smooth functions. This paper introduces a solution to GP regression when the observations are subject to value-based censoring. We derive exact and closed-form expressions for the conditional posterior distributions of the underlying functions in both the single-curve fitting case and in the case of a hierarchical model where multiple functions are modeled simultaneously. Our method can accommodate left, right, and interval censoring, and is directly applicable as an empirical Bayes method or integrated in a Markov-Chain Monte Carlo sampler for full posterior inference. The method is validated through extensive simulations, where it substantially outperforms naive approaches that either exclude censored observations or treat them as fully observed values. We give an application to a real-world dataset of longitudinal HIV-1 RNA measurements, where the observations are subject to left censoring due to a detection limit.

Indexed as

Models, StatisticalBayes TheoremComputer SimulationData Interpretation, StatisticalHIV-1HIV InfectionsHumansLongitudinal StudiesMarkov ChainsMonte Carlo MethodNormal DistributionRegression AnalysisRNA, ViralRNA, ViralBayesian data analysisfunctional data analysislongitudinal dataoutcome truncationvalue‐censored data

Identifiers

PMID40985482
PMCPMC12455908

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.