Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40985448›Full record

ArticleJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Human Brain Organoids: A New Model to Study

Alfred T Harding, Lee Gehrke, Jatin M Vyas, Hannah Brown Harding

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Innovation in antifungal therapy.EMBO molecular medicine · 2026
    Review
  3. Review
  4. StudyingPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Alfred T HardingInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-1446-2359
Lee GehrkeInstitute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9387-8212
Jatin M VyasDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9985-9565
Hannah Brown HardingDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9175-8209

Funding

VIRUS PRODUCTION COREP30CA014051 · NCI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI Jacqueline A. Lees · 1985 to 2026
$93.9M
Virology Core: MIT Center for Human Tissue Models for Infectious Diseases (MIT.HTMID)U19AI131135 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GEHRKE, LEE · 2017 to 2021
$8.7M
Control of Type I Interferon Production in Response to Candida albicansR01AI150181 · NIAID · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI Jatin M Vyas · 2020 to 2026
$5.4M
Systems Analysis of Innate Immune Responses to Fungal-Derived CarbohydratesR21AI109303 · NIAID · MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL · PI VYAS, JATIN M · 2015 to 2016
$479k
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 1R01AI150181-01A1National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 5R21AI109303-02NCI NIH HHS P30 CA014051NCI NIH HHS U19AI131135NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI150181NIAID NIH HHS R21 AI109303NIAID NIH HHS U19 AI131135
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

With the rise in immunocompromised individuals and patients with immune-related comorbidities such as COVID-19, the rate of fungal infections is growing. This increase, along with the current plateau in antifungal drug development, has made understanding the pathogenesis and dissemination of these organisms more pertinent than ever. The mouse model of fungal infection, while informative on a basic scientific level, has severe limitations in terms of translation to the human disease. Here we present data supporting the implementation of the human cerebral organoid model, which is generated from human embryonic stem cells and accurately recapitulates relevant brain cell types and structures, to study fungal infection and dissemination to the central nervous system (CNS). This approach provides direct insight into the relevant pathogenesis of specific fungal organisms in human tissues where in vivo models are impossible. With this model system we assessed the specific brain tropisms and cellular effects of fungal pathogens known to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), such as

Indexed as

cerebral organoidCryptococcus neoformansfungal pathogenmodel system

Identifiers

PMID40985448
PMCPMC12295756

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.