Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40985165›Full record

ArticleMovement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society2026

Interplay Between Sex and Cytosine-Adenine-Guanine-Age Product Score in Huntington's Disease: Clinical and Neuroimaging Perspectives.

Jingwen Yao, Grayson Feng, Guowen Shao, Zexi Wang, Adys Mendizabal, Donatello Telesca, Kaiying Fang, Lola Ibragimova, Juwairia Shoaib, Melanie A Morrison and 1 more

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In one paragraph

Article in Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Jingwen YaoDepartment of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-1841
Grayson FengDepartment of Bioengineering, Henry Samueli School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Guowen ShaoDepartment of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Zexi WangDepartment of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Adys MendizabalDepartment of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5835-9831
Donatello TelescaDepartment of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Kaiying FangDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Lola IbragimovaDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Juwairia ShoaibDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Melanie A MorrisonDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.
Janine M LupoDepartment of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.

Funding

IMPROVED MONITORING OF PREMANIFEST AND EARLY HUNTINGTONS USING 7T MULTIMODAL MRIR01NS099564 · NINDS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HESS, CHRISTOPHER PAUL, LUPO, JANINE MARIE · 2017 to 2021
$3.0M
NIH HHS R01NS099564
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHuntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder caused by a cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene. The disease exhibits sex-related differences in symptomatology and disease progression, but the effect on brain structural biomarkers and the interaction between sex and CAG-age product score (CAPS), a widely used index combining the effect of CAG expansion and age, remains underexplored.

objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the interplay between sex and CAPS on clinical measures and neuroimaging biomarkers in HD.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed data from Enroll-HD, TRACK-HD/ON, PREDICT-HD, and IMAGE-HD studies, including a combined dataset of 19,738 participants with CAG ≥ 40. Linear mixed models were employed to evaluate the influence of sex and the sex-CAPS interaction on clinical evaluations, including Unified HD Rating Scale (UHDRS) UHDRS and Problem Behaviors Assessment, and neuroimaging biomarkers (striatal volumes and cortical thickness), while controlling for covariates.

resultsFemale participants exhibited less pronounced striatal atrophy and cortical thinning with increasing CAPS (caudate:

conclusionsThe sex-CAPS interaction significantly impacts both clinical and neuroimaging biomarkers of HD, underscoring the importance of incorporating sex-specific considerations into the clinical staging and management of HD. © 2025 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.

Indexed as

Huntington DiseaseSex CharacteristicsAdultAgedFemaleHumansHuntingtin ProteinMagnetic Resonance ImagingMaleMiddle AgedNeuroimagingRetrospective StudiesSex FactorsTrinucleotide Repeat ExpansionHuntingtin ProteinHuntington's diseaseneuroimagingsex difference

Identifiers

PMID40985165
PMCPMC12951279

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.