ArticleMilitary medicine2025
Evidence-Based Management of Box Jellyfish Stings.
Article in Military medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionRapidly acting and highly effective management approaches are critically needed for potentially life-threatening and career-ending stings by box jellyfish (phylum Cnidaria, class Cubozoa) among underwater-operation warfighters working in austere environments. Cubozoan envenomation results in venom load- and time-dependent complex sequelae, including acute-phase hemolysis, cardiorespiratory collapse, hypovolemic shock, and death. Despite previously published studies demonstrating the failure of various generally advised, lay first-aid approaches (including fresh-water rinsing, ice-pack application, and skin scraping) to inhibit box jellyfish venom-induced hemolysis and tissue damage in vitro, ineffective and even deleterious management practices persist. In this report, we compared the efficacy of generally used first-aid measures and recently developed copper gluconate (CuGluc)-containing formulations in halting venom-associated tissue damage using a variety of assay systems, including an in vivo anesthetized piglet model. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe comparative efficacy of common first-aid approaches, including vinegar dousing, hot- and cold-pack applications, gasoline, topical 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD), and novel therapeutics, including CuGluc-containing formulations, was assessed using a variety of platforms, including in vitro hemolytic assays, live-tentacle sting tissue-model assays on blood agar or freshly excised porcine skin, and an in vivo piglet model.
resultsSequential topical application of CuGluc-containing formulations (StingNoMore Spray followed by StingNoMore Cream) surpassed all other management approaches in reducing sting-induced hemolysis and tissue damage in all in vitro and in vivo assay platforms. To a lesser extent, vinegar dousing of the sting site, followed by application of heat (42-45 °C) by hot pack for 45 minutes, also directly and irreversibly inhibited venom activity. Saltwater rinse and ice pack were totally ineffective and led to more tissue damage than the untreated sting itself.
conclusionsCompared to all other tested first-aid approaches, CuGluc-containing topical spray and cream formulations resulted in far less cubozoan venom-associated tissue damage and represents the most effective method to manage box jellyfish stings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.