ArticleMilitary medicine2025
Discovery of Respiratory Pathogens in People Living With HIV in the African Cohort Study.
Article in Military medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionRespiratory infection outbreaks pose a threat to the readiness of the United States and allied armed forces. Predicting and preventing such outbreaks requires understanding of the epidemiology of potential respiratory pathogens in communities where service members live and work. We conducted pan-viral surveillance of respiratory specimens from people living with HIV or without HIV but under the risk enrolled in the U.S. Military HIV Research Program's African Cohort Study to determine the prevalence and possible clinical presentation of viruses in this population.
methodsThe African Cohort Study is an open-ended prospective cohort study that enrolls people with and without HIV aged ≥15 years at 12 clinical sites in Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Nigeria. The study follows participants every 6 months and collects social, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data. A total of 131 respiratory samples, collected from March 2022 to February 2023 from participants in South Rift Valley Province, Kenya, who had symptoms of respiratory illness or a positive COVID-19 test, were analyzed using a pan-viral hybridization metagenomic next-generation sequencing approach. Libraries were sequenced on the Illumina Next-generation Sequencing System NovaSeq 6000. Sample data were run through several pathogen discovery pipelines.
resultsFull genome and partial genome sequences were assembled for several respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2, human coronavirus HKU1, human adenovirus 62, human metapneumovirus, human mastadenovirus B (coinfection with SARS-CoV-2), human mastadenovirus C (coinfection with SARS-CoV-2), and human parechovirus 3 (coinfection with adenovirus 62). The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 lineages correspond with lineages circulating during March 2022 to February 2023 and revealed additional viral respiratory pathogens and viruses known to be associated with HIV.
conclusionsThese preliminary results suggest that continued genomic surveillance efforts are needed for data-driven decisions on force health protection, prevention of emerging respiratory infections, and mitigation of impacts on military readiness caused by infectious diseases.
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