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ArticlePlant cell reports2025

Pulled GA signal orchestration proteome reconfiguration and redundancy cycling via PtGA2ox10-mediated metabolic gatekeeping in Chinese pine seeds.

Xinxiu Zuo, Shuai Liu, Yanjun Li, Yanyan Zhang, Duxian Lu, Shihui Niu, Xiaojuan Li, Jinxing Lin, Yaning Cui

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Article in Plant cell reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

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5 · Who and what money

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9 authors.

Xinxiu Zuo *State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Shuai Liu *State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
Yanjun LiState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Yanyan ZhangState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Duxian LuState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Shihui NiuState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Xiaojuan LiState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Jinxing LinState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
Yaning CuiState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China. cuiyaning@bjfu.edu.cn.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8772-3469

Funding

5•5 Engineering Research & Innovation Team Project of Beijing Forestry University BLRC2023C06Beijing Nova Program 20230484251Fundamental Research Funds of State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding TGBFRF202414National Key Research and Development Program of China 2022YFF0712500the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities QNTD202502the National Natural Science Foundation of China 32030010the National Natural Science Foundation of China 32370740the program of lntroducing Talents of Discipline to University 111projectthe program of lntroducing Talents of Discipline to University B13007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

key messageThis study reveals the molecular mechanisms of seed dormancy and germination in Chinese pine, highlighting the key roles of GA and ABA pathways and specific genes in regulating germination, growth, and stress resistance. Chinese pine (Pinus tabuliformis) is an ecologically and economically vital conifer species in China, serving critical functions in forest regeneration, soil conservation, and carbon sequestration. Despite its ecological importance, the molecular mechanisms governing seed dormancy release and germination in this species remain poorly understood. Using an integrative approach that combines advanced microscopy, hormone profiling, metabolomics, and whole transcriptome sequencing, we uncovered novel molecular insights into these crucial developmental processes. Optical and transmission electron microscopy revealed that protein bodies aggregated in aleurone cells during dormancy release. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis revealed distinct hormonal antagonism: gibberellin (GA) levels peaked during dormancy release (S2), with GA3 increased by 8.1-fold (from 41.37 ± 8.68 ng/g to 336.97 ± 106.14 ng/g), whereas abscisic acid (ABA) decreased by 63.6% (from 54.39 ± 1.83 ng/g at S1 to 19.80 ± 0.73 ng/g at S3), which negatively correlated with seed germination. Moreover, these hormonal changes were accompanied by profound metabolic reprogramming, which included a 6.0-fold increase in fructose content and a 12.3-fold increase in glucose content, whereas sucrose levels decreased by 48.1%, indicating enhanced carbohydrate mobilization during the germination phase (S3). Importantly, our transcriptomic analyses identified three novel regulatory genes (PtGA2ox10, PtRGA1, and PtABI2) with distinct expression patterns and functional roles during dormancy-germination transitions. Most significantly, we provide the first experimental evidence that PtGA2ox10 plays a dual regulatory role in both germination control and stress response pathways, a previously unrecognized function in conifers. These findings fundamentally advance our understanding of pine seed biology and establish new research directions in conifer molecular physiology.

Indexed as

GibberellinsPinusPlant ProteinsProteomeSeedsAbscisic AcidGene Expression Regulation, PlantGerminationPlant DormancyPlant Growth RegulatorsSignal TransductionAbscisic AcidGibberellinsPlant Growth RegulatorsPlant ProteinsProteomeAbscisic acid and gibberellinChinese pineSeed dormancy and germinationWGCNAWhole transcriptome resequencing

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.