ReviewNature reviews. Cancer2025
The immune microenvironment of colorectal cancer.
Review in Nature reviews. Cancer, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Red cell distribution width as a prognostic predictor for colorectal cancer: a meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026Pooled it
- A Tissue Explant Model for Colon Cancer.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2027Article
- An orthotopic organoid-based model to study early CD8⁺ T cell dysfunction and immunotherapy response in colorectal cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Propionate promotes CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Multifunctional hyaluronic acid-modified hollow MnOMaterials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Signaling Pathways, Clinical Features, Screening, Diagnosis, and Management.MedComm · 2026Review
- Shaping the future of early-onset colorectal cancer prevention.Nature reviews. Cancer · 2026Review
- Nanoparticle delivery of Chinese medicine monomers for remodeling the colorectal cancer immune microenvironment.Discover nano · 2026Review
- CT-derived extracellular volume fraction and AI-assisted body composition for predicting neoadjuvant therapy response and prognosis in colorectal cancer.Abdominal radiology (New York) · 2026Article
- Tumor Vascular Features and Colorectal Cancer-Specific Mortality.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- CCT2 Promotes Immune Escape in Colorectal Cancer by Regulating the JAK1-STAT3-PD-L1 Axis.Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology · 2026Article
- Review
- Iron-Tannic Acid Hydrogel Mediated Mild Photothermal Therapy Combined With Ferroptosis Enhances Anti-Tumor Immunity in Colorectal Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Macrophage PABPC4-SPP1 Axis Orchestrates Immunosuppression in Colorectal Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- A Neuro-Immune Score Defines a Stromal-Neural and Immune-Segregated Microenvironment Associated with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- CD47 and FOXP3Cancers · 2026Review
- Gut Microbiome-Driven Strategies to Overcome Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer.Cancers · 2026Review
- Universal off-the-shelf TGF-Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Article
- Stage-Specific Differences in Circulating Resistin From Premalignant to Advanced Colorectal Cancer: A Cross-Sectional Cohort Study.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) progression depends on the close interaction of tumour cells and the tumour microenvironment (TME). Although the TME contributes to poor therapy responses and immune evasion, immune cells within the TME can be therapeutically leveraged, as exemplified by immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Unfortunately, only a small subset of patients with CRC benefit from ICB therapy; those with immune-activated, microsatellite unstable CRC respond, whereas the predominant group of patients with CRC, those with microsatellite-stable tumours, do not. Although challenging, modulating the TME of CRC to convert these lowly immunogenic and immunosuppressed tumours into immune-activated tumours holds tremendous therapeutic potential. In this Review we provide an overview of the cellular and molecular components of immunity in the TME of CRCs at various stages of disease as well as the mechanisms of immunosuppression and immune evasion. We further describe how systemic and local therapies for CRC impact the tumour and systemic immune microenvironments, and how immunity could serve as a therapeutic and prognostic biomarker. Lastly, we highlight novel immunotherapeutic strategies and approaches that modulate the TME of CRCs to make them amenable to immunotherapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
40983666What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.