Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40983657›Full record

ReviewJournal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association2026

An integrative review of the impact of International Board Certified Lactation Consultants in outpatient postnatal settings in the United States.

Anita Lugo, Helene Moriarty, Kimberly K Trout, Diane L Spatz

Abstract readReview
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anita LugoHelen S. Breidegam School of Nursing Moravian University, Bethlehem, PA, USA. lugoa02@moravian.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-2027-4295
Helene MoriartyVillanova University M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova, PA, USA.
Kimberly K TroutVillanova University M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2462-5561
Diane L SpatzUniversity of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7316-6616

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Breastfeeding provides substantial health benefits to both the lactating parent and child, yet most dyads in the U.S. do not meet the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendations to exclusively breastfeed to 6 months and with the addition of solids, continue to breastfeed to 24 months. Outpatient lactation support, such as highly trained International Board Certified Lactation Consultants (IBCLCs), may be key to assisting dyads to overcome breastfeeding difficulties that lead to cessation. In this review, we synthesize studies within the United States that report on breastfeeding outcomes from outpatient postnatal IBCLC interventions in articles published from 2000 to 2024. Our findings revealed that implementation of postnatal outpatient IBCLC consultations and optional access to an IBCLC in a practice setting or via telehealth were associated with increased breastfeeding intensity and duration. Policy changes and accessibility to IBCLCs are needed to ensure all mothers have the option to obtain IBCLC or equivalent services.

Indexed as

Ambulatory CareBreast FeedingConsultantsLactationPostnatal CareFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornTelemedicineUnited States

Identifiers

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.