Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40983603›Full record

ArticleExperimental neurobiology2025

The Pre-clinical Safety of Graphene-based Electrodes Implanted on Rat Cerebral Cortex.

Gaeun Kim, Hyerin Jeong, Kyungtae Kim, Sangwon Lee, Eunha Baeg, Sungchil Yang, Byoungkwan Kim, Sunggu Yang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Experimental neurobiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Altered Excitation-Inhibition Balance and mGluRInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Gaeun KimDepartment of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
Hyerin JeongGbrain, Inc., Incheon 21984, Korea.
Kyungtae KimGbrain, Inc., Incheon 21984, Korea.
Sangwon LeeDepartment of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
Eunha BaegDepartment of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.
Sungchil YangDepartment of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Byoungkwan KimGbrain, Inc., Incheon 21984, Korea.
Sunggu YangDepartment of Nano-bioengineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Graphene has emerged as a promising nanomaterial for brain-computer interface (BCI) applications due to its excellent electrical properties and biocompatibility. However, its long-term structural compatibility on the cerebral cortex requires further validation. This study assessed both functional compatibility and preservation of neural tissue architecture for graphene/parylene C composite electrodes implanted on the rat cortical surface, in accordance with ISO 10993-6 guideline weekly neurobehavioral assessments and comprehensive histopathological analyses were conducted for four weeks post-implantation. Our results revealed no significant differences in neurobehavioral outcomes between graphene-based and medical-grade silicone implants. Histopathological examination showed no noticeable inflammatory responses, changes in cellular morphology, myelination status, or neuronal degeneration. These findings indicate that graphene electrodes preserve tissue integrity comparable to medical‑grade silicone. Our study supports graphene's potential use in clinical neuroprosthetics and neuromodulation devices.

Indexed as

Biocompatible materialsElectrocorticographyGrapheneParylene C

Identifiers

PMID40983603
PMCPMC12580400

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.