Observational studyJournal of neurology2025
Nonmotor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease: impact on caregiving and quality of life.
Observational study in Journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- On-demand therapies-emergency medication or daily routine?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Clinical trials in late-stage Parkinson's disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2026Review
- A narrative review of clinical and non-clinical determinants of health-related quality of life in advanced Parkinson's disease.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2026Review
- Parkinson's research with inclusion, diversity and equity (PRIDE): examining Parkinson's disease symptoms among LGBTQ+ and non-LGBTQ+ adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundParkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a combination of motor and non-motor symptoms, which can fluctuate over time. Recognition of nonmotor fluctuations (NMF) as a distinct and relevant feature of PD is recent, and their impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and on caregivers' burden remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of NMF on patients' HRQoL and caregiver burden, and to compare it with the impact of motor complications (MC).
methodsPatients and caregivers were consecutively recruited from five Italian Movement Disorder centers. Assessments included the Non-Motor Fluctuation Assessment, the MDS-sponsored Unified PD Rating Scale, the Mini-Mental State Examination, the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), and the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). Linear regression analyses examined associations between total NMF and MC scores with PDQ-39 and ZBI. Logistic regression estimated the odds of moderate-severe caregiver burden based on NMF.
results149 patients and 135 caregivers were included. Higher NMF scores were associated with worse HRQoL (PDQ-39: Beta = 0.318; p < 0.001), and correlated with most PDQ-39 domains, excluding stigma. MC also correlated with PDQ-39-(Beta = 0.338; p < 0.001), particularly in domains such as mobility, ADLs, communication, and bodily discomfort. Both NMF and MC scores were associated with caregiver burden (ZBI: Beta = 0.374 and 0.437, respectively; p < 0.001). Each additional NMF point increased the odds of caregiver burden by 11.6% (OR = 1.116, 95% CI:1.043-1.194, p < 0.001).
conclusionsNMF significantly affect both patient HRQoL and caregiver burden, with an impact comparable to that of MC. Systematic assessment and targeted interventions for NMF should be integrated into routine PD care.
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