Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40981466›Full record

ArticleThe Prostate2026

Pathology of a Canine Model of Localized Prostate Carcinoma.

Nathan K Hoggard, Felipe M Berg, Marlon R Szczepaniak, Xinning Wang, Noriko Kantake, Gopalakrishnan Ramamurthy, Li Gong, Eric T Hostnik, Krishan Kumar, Arijit Ghosh and 8 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Prostate, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Nathan K HoggardDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
Felipe M BergDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6028-2503
Marlon R SzczepaniakDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
Xinning WangDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Noriko KantakeDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.
Gopalakrishnan RamamurthyDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Li GongCollege of Medicine and the Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Eric T HostnikDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Krishan KumarDepartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Arijit GhoshDepartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Dong LuoDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Michael V KnoppDepartment of Radiology, The Wright Center for Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Jill M KellerUnit for Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Evan T KellerDepartments of Urology and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Agata A ExnerDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
James P BasilionDepartment of Radiology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Michael F TweedleCollege of Medicine and the Wright Center of Innovation in Biomedical Imaging, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Thomas J RosolDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA.

Funding

Translational Therapeutics Research Program (TT)P30CA016058 · NCI · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI Daniel G. Stover · 1985 to 2026
$132.3M
Theranostic gold nanoparticles for imaged-guided radical prostatectomy and PDT ablationR01EB020353 · NIBIB · CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY · PI BASILION, JAMES PETER · 2016 to 2019
$2.7M
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA016058NIBIB NIH HHS R01 EB020353This study was supported by National Institute of Health Grant (RO1 EB020353), the National Cancer Institute Grant (P30CA016058), the National Foundation of Cancer Research, the John J. Kopchick Molecular and Cellular Biology/Translational Biomedical Sciences Research Fellowship Award, The Charles and Sharron Capen Scholarship in Experimental Veterinary Pathology, and the Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDogs spontaneously develop prostate carcinoma (PC) and share prostate gland anatomy, physiology, and size to men. Over the last 15 years, we have developed and refined a canine model of focal PC to evaluate therapeutic-diagnostic (theranostic) interventions. A comprehensive description of the pathology and synthesis of the various studies has not been performed. The goal of this manuscript was to describe the canine model tumor pathology within the framework of its methodological development to help guide future translational PC research.

methodsIn published and unpublished studies, we previously inoculated prostate glands of immunosuppressed, intact beagle dogs (n = 56) with a canine PC cell line (Ace-1) transduced with human or canine genes for targeted theranostics. Gross tumor assessment and histology were performed in all cases. Molecular tumor and microenvironmental pathology was investigated using digital image analysis, immunohistochemistry, laser-capture microdissection, and quantitative real-time PCR.

resultsThe model reliably (85.7% engraftment rate) formed prostatic tumors resembling intermediate and high-grade localized PC, with poorly differentiated morphology, stromal invasion, and peripheral growth. Soft tissue metastasis occurred in 13/48 (27.1%) dogs. Most dogs formed multifocal prostatic tumors with occasional tumors outside the prostate gland. Tumor location influenced growth behavior and the microenvironment. Allografts were histologically classified as intraglandular intraprostatic, invasive intraprostatic, capsular, or extraprostatic. Compared to intraprostatic tumors, capsular/extraprostatic tumors had increased proliferation (Ki-67 index), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and microenvironmental alterations that included increased collagenous stroma, fibroplasia, and reduced immune cell infiltration.

conclusionsThe canine model of PC captured important pathologic features of men undergoing curative-intent therapy alongside model- and species-specific characteristics of interest to researchers. Beyond defining pathology, the results highlighted applications of the canine model in studying the tumor microenvironment and advancing preclinical, anti-cancer strategies in a large animal species.

Indexed as

Disease Models, AnimalProstateProstatic NeoplasmsAnimalsCell Line, TumorDogsHumansMaleTumor MicroenvironmentAce‐1dog modelprostate cancer

Identifiers

PMID40981466
PMCPMC12667227

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.