Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40981250›Full record

ArticlePharmacy (Basel, Switzerland)2025

Pharmacist-Led Prescribing in Austria: A Mixed-Methods Study on Clinical Readiness and Legal Frameworks.

Olaf Rose, Clarissa Egel, Johanna Pachmayr, Stephanie Clemens

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Olaf RoseInstitute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Clarissa EgelInstitute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Johanna PachmayrInstitute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
Stephanie ClemensInstitute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Biology and Clinical Pharmacy, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.ORCID 0000-0002-8788-9329

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In Austria, community pharmacists may dispense prescription-only drugs in exceptional emergency cases. Hospital pharmacists are permitted to adapt or discontinue therapy with prior physician approval. This mixed-methods study explores how Austrian pharmacists interpret and apply these frameworks, their readiness for expanded roles, and the systemic conditions required to support broader clinical engagement. A cross-sectional design was used with two online surveys targeting community and hospital pharmacists. Additionally, 15 semi-structured interviews were conducted (ten community, five hospital pharmacists). Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively; qualitative data were examined using Mayring's content analysis. Data integration followed a triangulation design via mixed-methods matrices. A total of 238 community and 53 hospital pharmacists responded. Findings show that community pharmacists frequently apply clinical judgment in urgent situations and navigate regulatory grey zones. Over 88% support expanded roles, particularly in continuing contraceptives, managing chronic diseases, and treating infections using point-of-care testing. Hospital pharmacists report limited implementation of their framework, hindered by institutional inertia, staffing shortages, and poor access to patient data. Confidence in clinical pharmacotherapy decisions was limited. Targeted training and policy support are essential.

Indexed as

expanded rolepharmacistpharmacist-led prescribingpharmacy practiceprescribing pharmacist

Identifiers

PMID40981250
PMCPMC12452385

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.