ArticleBiomacromolecules2025
Evaluating Cross-Linking Efficiency and Cytocompatibility of Three Commonly Used Photoinitiators across Different Cell-Compatible Hydrogel Platforms.
Article in Biomacromolecules, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Review
- Meniscus-Guided Interfacial Ring-by-Ring Assembly for In Situ Fabrication of Tubular Hydrogels.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Engineered Injectable Hydrogel Platform for Tailoring the Osteoarthritis Microenvironment.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Review
- Review
- Light-assisted 3D bioprinting of tough hydrogels in biomedical applications.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Engineering Silk Fibroin-Based Biomaterials for Neural Repair.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Review
- From Nature to Innovation: Exploring Natural Biopolymers in 3D Bioprinting for Bone Regeneration.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Polymeric Nanogels for Skin Applications.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biomedical hydrogels often use a photopolymerization strategy to cross-link the polymer network. There are only a few cyto-compatible photoinitiators (PIs) that are commonly used for cross-linking biomedical hydrogels, including Irgacure 2959, lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP), and Eosin Y. Herein, we tested these PIs to optimize the cross-linking efficiency while minimizing cell death. Testing was performed on three types of hydrogels, including a synthetic material (poly(ethylene glycol)-diacrylate, PEG-DA), a semisynthetic material, PEG-fibrinogen (PF), and a modified biological material, methacrylated fibrinogen (FibMA). The results showed that PI concentration and illumination intensity had a significant impact on cross-linking efficiency, as measured by the shear storage modulus, with each material demonstrating different responses to the photopolymerization parameters. Optimal photo-cross-linking conditions were not the same for the modified protein hydrogels as compared to synthetic and semisynthetic materials. These findings may have consequential implications when applying photopolymerization to cross-link various types of cell-compatible hydrogels for biomedical applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.