ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2025
Independent Effects of Axial Length and Intraocular Pressure on the Highly Myopic Optic Nerve Head.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Optic Nerve Head Parameters and Their Associations With Axial Length and Refractive Status in Cynomolgus Macaques.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Associations between Intraocular Pressure or Glaucoma Medication with Axial Length and Pathologic Myopia Incidence and Progression.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Interaction of Myopic Optic Neuropathy (MON) and Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy (GON): Pathophysiology and Clinical Implications.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate associations among intraocular pressure (IOP), axial length (AXL), and optic nerve head (ONH) characteristics in highly myopic eyes. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study included highly myopic eyes with a refractive error of ≤-6.0 diopters (D) or an AXL of ≥26 mm, without glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Using IOP profiles, obtained retrospectively over a 5-year period, we assessed maximum, median, and range of IOP readings. We performed cross-sectional measurements of morphometric ONH parameters on fundus photographs and optical coherence tomographic (OCT) images. Results: The study included 201 eyes (134 individuals) with a mean AXL of 27.6 ± 1.4 mm and a mean maximum IOP of 16.6 ± 3.7 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg; median = 14.9 ± 2.5 mm Hg, range = 3.14 ± 3.13 mm Hg obtained in 5.25 ± 2.76 measurements). Longer AXL was associated (multivariable analysis) with higher disc ovality (β = 0.05, P < 0.001), longer disc-fovea distance (β = 0.22, P < 0.001), shallower lamina cribrosa depth (β = -20.5, P = 0.02), and thicker ganglion cell layer and retinal nerve fiber layer in the temporal/inferotemporal sectors (all P < 0.05) with adjustments for age and gender. Higher mean maximum IOP readings were linked to deeper lamina cribrosa depth (β = 6.03, P = 0.006) and reduced disc rotation angle (β = -0.31, P = 0.04); higher mean median IOP was associated with smaller Bruch's membrane opening area (β = -0.06, P = 0.02). AXL was inversely associated with mean median IOP (β = -0.19, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Higher IOP and longer AXL are associated with distinct structural changes of the ONH in highly myopic eyes, particularly involving the lamina cribrosa. Elevated IOP but not AXL was associated with ONH features characteristic of glaucoma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.