ArticleIEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation : ICRA : [proceedings]. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation
Exploring An External Approach to Subretinal Drug Delivery via Robot Assistance and B-Mode OCT.
Article in IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation : ICRA : [proceedings]. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parallel Mechanisms for Multiscale Motion Using Twisted Wire Actuation: Designing for Microworkspace and Dexterity.Journal of mechanisms and robotics · 2025Article
- Head-mounted surgical robots are an enabling technology for subretinal injections.Science robotics · 2025Article
- Five degrees-of-freedom mechanical arm with remote center of motion (RCM) device for volumetric optical coherence tomography (OCT) retinal imaging.Biomedical optics express · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Injections into specific retinal layers of the eye present a serious challenge to surgeons in terms of accuracy and perception. The emergence of new gene therapies further emphasizes the need for effective tools for localized drug delivery. Unlike the dominant approach of delivering drugs via a transvitreal intraocular pathway, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of delivering injections into the space between the choroid and the retina using an external approach. The design of a cooperative robotic system for enabling robot-assisted extraocular subretinal injections is presented. The system uses a distal micromanipulator that can serve as a hand-held tool for OCT-aided injection or attach to a six degree of freedom (DOF) serial robot arm for cooperative manipulation. The kinematics and control of the robot for constrained cooperative control motions to enable safe needle injection is presented and experimentally evaluated. These results suggest that the proposed external drug delivery approach is feasible, thereby enabling the advantages of preserving the integrity of the retina and omitting the necessity for vitrectomy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.