Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40980248›Full record

ArticleArthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation2025

Major League Baseball Pitchers Experienced Increased Flexor Tendon and Forearm Injuries 2 Years After Pitch Clock Implementation.

Troy B Puga, McKenna W Box, Winston Scambler, Hans Drawbert, John T Riehl

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Arthroscopy, sports medicine, and rehabilitation, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Troy B PugaDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical City Denton, Denton, Texas, U.S.A.
McKenna W BoxDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical City Denton, Denton, Texas, U.S.A.
Winston ScamblerCollege of Medicine, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, U.S.A.
Hans DrawbertDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical City Denton, Denton, Texas, U.S.A.
John T RiehlDepartment of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical City Denton, Denton, Texas, U.S.A.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the incidence of pitcher injuries 2 years after implementation of the Major League Baseball (MLB) pitch clock. Methods: Injury data were collected for the 2021, 2022, 2023, and 2024 MLB seasons using the fangraphs.com injury database. The incidence rate ratio was calculated to compare the injury rate for the 2024 season with that for each of the 2021, 2022, and 2023 seasons. Data were pooled for the pre- and post-pitch clock seasons and were compared in similar fashion to the individual seasons using the incidence rate ratio. The Results: The 2024 MLB season, with 366 overall injuries, showed a decrease in the overall number of injuries compared with the 2021 season, which had 467 overall injuries ( Conclusions: Two years after the implementation of the MLB pitch clock, there was a decrease in the incidence of overall injury rates and lower-extremity injuries. There remained no associated increase in ulnar collateral ligament operations 2 years after implementation. However, the pre- versus post-pitch clock comparison showed a rise in flexor tendon and forearm injuries in the 2024 season. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.

Identifiers

PMID40980248
PMCPMC12447164

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.