ArticleFrontiers in pediatrics2025
Efficacy of expressed breast milk, facilitated tucking, and their combination for pain management during heel stick in preterm neonates: a randomized controlled trial.
Article in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Heel-stick procedures for glucose monitoring are common in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) and can have adverse physiological and developmental effects on preterm neonates. The National Neonatology Forum of India and the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend the routine use of non-pharmacological measures during such procedures. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of expressed breast milk (EBM), facilitated tucking (FT), and their combination in reducing heel stick pain in preterm neonates, as assessed using the Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP) score at 1 and 4 min post-procedure. Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, preterm neonates born between 27 and 36 Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant reductions in pain scores from baseline (EBM: 8.55 ± 3.19, FT: 8.63 ± 2.83, and EBM + FT: 9.46 ± 2.82; Conclusions: EBM and FT, whether alone or in combination, are effective in reducing pain in preterm neonates during heel-stick procedures. Clinical Trial Registration: https://ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/login.php, identifier [CTRI/2023/09/057787 (Registered on: 18/09/2023)].
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