Evidence map›Paper›PMID 40979737›Full record

ArticleJCPP advances2025

A longitudinal study of psychological distress during and after COVID-19 restrictions in caregivers of children with intellectual disability in the UK.

Karri Gillespie-Smith, Karen Goodall, Doug McConachie, Jo Van Herwegen, Hayley Crawford, Carrie Ballantyne, Caroline Richards, Thomas Gallagher-Mitchell, Joanna Moss, Grace Khawam and 4 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in JCPP advances, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Karri Gillespie-SmithDepartment of Health and Clinical Psychology School of Health in Social Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3059-7632
Karen GoodallDepartment of Health and Clinical Psychology School of Health in Social Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
Doug McConachieDepartment of Health and Clinical Psychology School of Health in Social Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
Jo Van HerwegenInstitute of Education University College London London UK.
Hayley CrawfordDivision of Health Sciences Warwick Medical School Warwick University Coventry UK.
Carrie BallantyneDivision of Psychology School of Education and Social Science University of West of Scotland Paisley UK.
Caroline RichardsSchool of Psychology University of Birmingham Birmingham UK.
Thomas Gallagher-MitchellDepartment of Psychology Liverpool Hope University Liverpool UK.
Joanna MossSchool of Psychology University of Surrey Guildford UK.
Grace KhawamDepartment of Health and Clinical Psychology School of Health in Social Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
Laura OuthwaiteInstitute of Education University College London London UK.
Emily MarriottDepartment of Health and Clinical Psychology School of Health in Social Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
Freyja SteindorsdottirDepartment of Health and Clinical Psychology School of Health in Social Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.
Hope ChristieDepartment of Health and Clinical Psychology School of Health in Social Science University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: The current study explored longitudinally whether child behaviours that challenge and caregiver coping strategies was associated with psychological distress in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disability during and after lockdown. Method: An online survey was completed by caregivers who had children with and without intellectual disability during Time Period 1 (T1; August-December 2021, Results: Child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced in T2 compared to T1. Child behaviours that challenge, emotion focussed coping and avoidant coping was associated distress at both time points in caregivers of children with and without intellectual disabilities. Conclusions: The study shows that both child behaviours that challenge and caregiver psychological distress reduced as lockdown ended. However, caregiver coping strategies may have contributed to psychological distress, which has potential implications for interventions and support for caregivers.

Indexed as

copingCOVID‐19intellectual disabilitieslongitudinalmental health

Identifiers

PMID40979737
PMCPMC12446709

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.