ReviewJAR life2025
Association between hypertension and dementia risk in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review.
Review in JAR life, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Incident Dementia.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Identifying individuals at risk of cognitive decline: cross-sectional analysis of variability in neuropsychological test scores among community-dwelling older adults.BMC public health · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Dementia prevalence is rising most rapidly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), yet most evidence on risk factors such as hypertension stems from high-income settings. In LMICs, hypertension may have a greater impact due to its high prevalence and poor control. We systematically reviewed evidence on the association between blood pressure and dementia and cognition in LMICs, and compared findings across regions. Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Global Index Medicus and reviewed reference lists for relevant studies. We included longitudinal studies (follow-up ≥6 months) from LMICs on the association between systolic blood pressure or hypertension and incident dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), or cognition, with a sample size of ≥500 individuals. Risk of bias was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Of 8709 screened articles, 26 were included: 19 from Asia, six from Latin America, and one from Africa. Operationalization of hypertension and cognitive outcome was heterogeneous across studies, ranging from using routine care data to triple blood pressure measurements and comprehensive cognitive screening with expert review and validation. Follow-up duration ranged from 7 months to 16 years. Hypertension was associated with a higher risk of incident dementia (RR 1.26, 95 %CI 1.03 - 1.53) and MCI (RR 1.19, 95 %CI 1.09 - 1.29). Due to limited number of studies per region, we were unable to compare effect sizes across geographical regions. Conclusion: Hypertension is associated with an increased risk of dementia and cognitive impairment in LMICs, but limited studies from Latin America and especially from Africa prevented reliable regional comparisons.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.