ArticleEnvironmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.)2025
Within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor ultrafine particles and emergency room visits for cardiovascular outcomes.
Article in Environmental epidemiology (Philadelphia, Pa.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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10 authors.
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Abstract
Background: Few epidemiological studies have examined the acute cardiovascular health impacts of within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor ultrafine particles (UFPs). Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover study of within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor UFPs and emergency room visits for cardiovascular outcomes in Toronto, Canada, between 2019 and 2020. Outdoor UFP data (lag-0, 3-day mean, and 7-day mean) were assigned to residential locations using exposure models trained using data collected over a 1 year period (2020-2021). Conditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for outdoor UFP number concentrations (per 10,000/cm Results: In total, our analysis included 89,694 cases of acute cardiovascular events. Seven-day mean outdoor UFP number concentrations and mean UFP size were most strongly associated with cardiovascular outcomes. Specifically, 7-day mean outdoor UFP number concentrations were associated with increased risks of all cardiovascular events (OR = 1.058, 95% CI = 1.007, 1.111) and ischemic heart disease events (OR = 1.140, 95% CI = 1.020, 1.274). Likewise, 7-day mean outdoor UFP size was associated with increased risks of all cardiovascular events (OR = 1.026, 95% CI = 1.013, 1.039) and ischemic heart disease events (OR = 1.059, 95% CI = 1.029, 1.090). Submultiplicative and subadditive interactions were observed between temperature and both outdoor UFP number concentrations and mean UFP size. Conclusions: Within-city spatiotemporal variations in outdoor UFPs are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular events independent of other common outdoor air pollutants.
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